Is a reason for actions, willingness, and goals. Motivation is

Motivating operations
Motivating operations, MOs, relate to the
field of motivation in that they help
improve understanding aspects of
behaviour that are not covered by
operant conditioning. In operant
conditioning, the function of the
reinforcer is to influence future behavior.
The presence of a stimulus believed to
function as a reinforcer does not
according to this terminology explain the
current behaviour of an organism – only
previous instances of reinforcement of
that behavior (in the same or similar
situations) do. Through the behavior-
altering effect of MOs, it is possible to
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affect the current behaviour of an
individual, giving another piece of the
puzzle of motivation.
Motivating operations are factors that
affect learned behaviour in a certain
context. MOs have two effects: a value-