Introduction to Software Testing



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Bog'liq
software-safety

Questioning new methods

  • “Formal methods are math. Math is good. Therefore, formal methods will improve software quality.”
  • It is not clear that this is true!
    • What kinds of FM?
    • Training of practitioners?
    • Political issues? Costs? Scale?
    • Tool maturity and appropriateness?
    • Are resulting systems better? safer? smaller? bigger? more understandable? more opaque?

Understanding

  • The safety features designed for the boilers did not work as well as predicted because they were not based on scientific understanding of the causes of accidents.
  • Something that sounds good isn’t necessarily a good idea. You need to develop a deep understanding.

A good idea in one field is not necessarily good in another field

  • For example, consider N-modular hardware redundancy:
    • Use N identical hardware components in the same role. If they always agree, fine. If not, take a vote.
    • This is a highly-trusted engineering design principle for safety-critical hardware systems.

A software analogue ...

  • The software analogue is called N-version programming (NVP):
    • Have N teams each write a version of the required program independently given the same requirements.
    • Run all N programs; when results differ, take a vote.

NVP under scrutiny

  • What are the potential problems with NVP?
    • Software failures are not like hardware failures. All software failures are design failures, not material failures.
    • Often, programmers make the same kinds of mistakes, misinterpretations, and have similar biases.
    • Requirements are often misleading, wrong, vague, etc
    • What if only one of the N teams actually has the correct interpretation!

Recovery blocks

Recovery blocks

  • Force a different algorithm to be used for each version so they reduce the probability of common errors
  • However, the design of the acceptance test is difficult as it must be independent of the computation used
  • There are problems with this approach for real-time systems because of the sequential operation of the redundant versions

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