330
Earth Stations and Network Technology
ALOHA) as well as TDMA. For the first transmission from VSAT to hub, an
ALOHA packet normally is uplinked. Messages may include a single line of a
keyboard entry; a request to the hub for a file transfer; or a brief report requested
by the hub. The TDMA mode is effective for long and relatively frequent transmis-
sions and for voice and video communications, which require a constant bit rate.
Switching between random access and TDMA is in response to local traffic
demands, activated either by the centralized network management system or auto-
matically when required by the VSAT itself.
The star network structure is assumed for the example in Figure 9.28. If the
network is to be used extensively for switched telephone or video teleconferencing
service, the configuration of the mesh is going to be far more effective. By allowing
direct links between VSATs, the system avoids double hops and multiple hub
stations interconnected by expensive terrestrial links. That can be achieved with
TDMA depending on the network requirements. In a more or less traditonal FDMA
demand-assigned scheme, a request for service enters the VSAT over the terrestrial
interface and is transmitted to a hub, where the setup of the link is directed. The
hub responds with digital instructions to the VSATs on both ends of the intended
circuit to tune their SCPC modems to a frequency pair assigned for the duration
of the call. Through that hub, the network management system monitors the use
of the network and accomplishes such tasks as data traffic routing and billing.
Voice and data interface equipment is needed to make the VSAT appear to be
the same as any telephone or data communication circuit. For example, the VSAT
network may use a proprietary protocol to carry and process signaling information
that the user’s PBX does not understand. The voice interface then converts standard
telephone signaling into the network protocol. Likewise, data protocols such as
TCP/IP are converted to the VSAT network protocol in the data interface equip-
ment. The appropriate protocol and address information are recreated at the distant
hub station or remote VSAT. This is discussed in Chapter 3 and illustrated in
Figure 3.11. In addition to signaling and protocols, the interface equipment can
provide signal conditioning such as bandwidth compression and expansion.
Video teleconferencing services on a point-to-multipoint basis are well within
the capabilities of VSATs. As shown in the upper left of Figure 9.28, a LAN at
the distant end delivers data to a teleconference unit. The picture can then be
carried to a conference room or theater. In addition to the video, the equipment
might provide a voice interface for interactive question-and-answer service, using
the VSAT to provide the reverse audio link.
This has been only a brief introduction to the types of Earth stations that make
up a VSAT star or mesh network. The hardware designs and software technologies
that facilitate these systems are undergoing an evolution to much smaller and
cheaper installations. New Ka-band processing satellites are taking over some of
the space segment needs. The purpose of those efforts is to expand the market into
more types and sizes of businesses that can exploit private networks.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: