Conclusion
Insurance is an integral part of any personal financial plan. The type of insurance
and the amount of coverage you obtain all depends on your unique financial and
family circumstances, and must be evaluated carefully. When considering
purchasing coverage, you should review all the potential risks and the financial
impact of these risks on your financial health. This will help you determine what
options to look for and what questions to ask. What you need to keep in mind is
that you do not want to be underinsured or overinsured, which means you have
to do your homework before you buy. And as with any type of financial product,
you must read the fine print and consult with a competent advisor.
Let's review what we've learned:
Insurance
is a form is risk management in which the insured transfers the
cost of potential loss to another entity in exchange for monetary
compensation known as the
premium
.
Insurance works by pooling risks. Because the number
of insured
individuals is so large, insurance companies can use statistical analysis to
project what their actual losses will be within the given class. This allows
the insurance companies to operate profitably and at the same time pay
for claims that may arise.
Underwriting
is the process of evaluating the risk to be insured. This is
done by the insurer when determining how likely it is that the loss will
occur, how much the loss could be and then using this information to
determine how much you should pay to insure against the risk.
The insurance contract is a legal document that spells out the coverage,
features, conditions and limitations of an insurance policy.
Property and
casualty insurance
is insurance that protects against
property losses to your business, home, or car and/or against legal liability
that may result from injury or damage to the property of others. This type
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of insurance can protect a person or a business with an interest in the
insured physical property against losses.
An auto insurance policy typically covers you and your spouse, relatives
who live in your home and other licensed drivers to whom you give
permission to drive your car.
Homeowners insurance typically covers the dwelling (the structure),
personal property and contents, and some forms of personal liability. The
policy may cover direct and consequential loss resulting from damage to
the property itself, loss or damage to personal property, and liability for
unintentional acts arising out of the non-business, non-automobile
activities of the insured and members of that insured's household.
Umbrella insurance helps you protect your assets if you are sued.If you
are worried that the liability insurance coverage you have through your
auto or property policies is still not enough, you can consider adding an
umbrella policy.
Health insurance
is a type of insurance that pays for medical expenses in
exchange for premiums. The way it works is that you pay your monthly or
annual premium and the insurance policy contracts healthcare providers
and hospitals to provide benefits to its members at a discounted rate.
An
indemnity plan
, sometimes called a fee-for-service plan, is a type of
insurance that reimburses you according to a schedule for medical
expenses, regardless of who provides the service.
The HMO is the most common type of insurance policy people own and
the one most frequently provided by employers.
HMOs provide a wide
range of comprehensive healthcare services to a group of subscribers in
return for a fixed periodic payment.
PPOs are a group of healthcare providers that contract with an insurance
company, third-party administrators, or others (like employers) to provide
medical care services at a reduced fee.
A point of service plan is a hybrid plan that combines aspects of an HMO,
PPO and indemnity plan. This type of plan is more flexible in that it allows
you to decide at the time you need services to elect to use the POS plan's
physician to arrange in-network care (HMO feature), or to go outside the
network or hospital and pay a higher portion of the cost.
Disability insurance can replace a portion of the salary you were making
before you became disabled and unable to work after a serious injury or
illness.
Disability insurance providers rate their premiums based on your
job and
the level of risk involved in doing that job.
The reason to buy long term care insurance is to protect your assets in
case you need to pay for assisted living, home care or a nursing home
stay.
Life insurance provides you with the opportunity to protect yourself and
your family from personal risk exposures like repayment of debts after
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death, providing for a surviving spouse and children, fulfilling other
economic goals (such as putting your kids through college), leaving a
charitable legacy, paying for funeral expenses, etc.
Whole life insurance
provides guaranteed insurance protection for the
entire life of the insured, otherwise known as permanent coverage. These
policies carry a "cash value" component that grows tax deferred at a
contractually guaranteed amount (usually a low interest rate) until the
contract is surrendered.
Universal life insurance
, also known as flexible premium or adjustable life,
is a variation of whole life insurance. Like whole life, it is also a permanent
policy providing cash value benefits based on current interest rates.
Variable life insurance
is designed to combine the traditional protection
and savings features of whole life insurance with the growth potential of
investment funds. This type of policy is comprised of two distinct
components: the general account and the separate account. The general
account is the reserve or liability account of the insurance provider, and is
not allocated to the individual policy. The separate account is comprised of
various investment funds within the insurance company's portfolio, such
as an equity fund, a money market fund, a bond fund, or some
combination of these.