Introduction to Industrial Automation


  Basic Operating Principles of PLCs .........................................................................193



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Introduction to Industrial Automation by Stamatios Manesis, George

 6 

Basic Operating Principles of PLCs .........................................................................193

6.1  Introduction to PLCs ................................................................................................... 193

6.2  Modular Construction of a PLC .......................................................................... 200



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 Contents

6.3  PLC I/O Components ......................................................................................... 202

6.4  Digital Input Modules ......................................................................................... 204

6.5  Digital Output Modules ...................................................................................... 209

6.5.1  Technical Specifications for Digital Input/Output Modules ....................212

6.6  Analog Input/Output Modules .............................................................................216

6.6.1  Analog Input Modules .............................................................................216

6.6.2  Accuracy in the Conversion of Analog Signals .........................................219

6.6.3  Analog Output Modules ......................................................................... 220

6.7  Special Purpose Input/Output Modules................................................................ 222

6.7.1  Fast Input Response Modules ................................................................... 223

6.7.2  Stepper Motor Control Modules ............................................................. 223

6.7.3  Three Terms (PID) Control Modules ...................................................... 224

6.7.4  Communication Modules......................................................................... 225

6.8  Central Processing Unit ....................................................................................... 225

6.8.1  Memory Organization ............................................................................ 227

6.8.2  Memory Types .........................................................................................231

6.8.2.1  Read Only Memory (ROM) .....................................................231

6.8.2.2  Random Access Memory (RAM) ..............................................231

6.8.2.3  Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) ...........231

6.8.2.4  Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

(EEPROM) .............................................................................. 232

6.8.3  Addressing I/Os and Other Internal Elements ...........................................232

6.9  PLC Expansion and I/O Configuration ................................................................233

6.9.1  Local and Peripheral I/O System ............................................................. 234

6.9.2  I/O System Design .................................................................................. 236

6.10  On the Installation of PLCs ................................................................................ 243

6.10.1  Electrical Enclosure for the PLC Installation ..............................................243

6.10.2  Electromagnetic Interference....................................................................245

6.10.3 Grounding ...............................................................................................249

6.10.4  Electromagnetic Shielding of Cables ........................................................251

6.10.5  Lightning Protection ................................................................................252

6.10.6  Input Devices with Leakage Current—Impedance Adjustment of I/Os ....253

6.10.7  Input Impedance Adjustment ..................................................................256

6.10.8  Output Impedance Adjustment ...............................................................257

6.10.9  Parallelizing Digital Outputs of PLCs—Transitional Protection of I/Os ...259

6.10.10 Starting the Operation of a PLC and Fault Detection ..............................261

Review Questions and Problems..................................................................................... 264


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