Introduction to Industrial Automation

 7 

Basic Programming Principles of PLCs ...................................................................271

7.1  Introduction to Programming of PLCs .................................................................271

7.2  The IEC 61131 Standard ............................................................................................273

7.3  Structural Programming...................................................................................... 278

7.4  Basic Programming Instructions ............................................................................281

7.4.1  The Result of an Instruction Execution ................................................... 284

7.4.2  Boolean Logic Instructions ..................................................................... 287

7.4.3  Activation Instructions............................................................................ 288

7.4.4  Complementary Instructions .................................................................. 290

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Contents 

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xi

7.5  Programming According to the IEC 61131-3 Standard ..........................................292

7.5.1  General Highlights and Restrictions in PLC Programming .................... 292

7.5.2  Programming with Boolean Logic and Activation Instructions .............. 300

7.5.3  Programming with Timers and Counters ................................................315

7.5.4  Using Structural Programming ............................................................... 323

7.5.5  Programming Mathematical Operations ..................................................327

7.5.6  Applications of PLC Programming .........................................................329

Problems ........................................................................................................................ 347