Introduction to Health and Safety at Work


  Forms of chemical agent



Download 5,86 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet354/722
Sana20.07.2022
Hajmi5,86 Mb.
#825654
1   ...   350   351   352   353   354   355   356   357   ...   722
Bog'liq
introduction to health safety at work

14.2 
Forms of chemical agent
Chemicals can be transported by a variety of agents and 
in a variety of forms. They are normally defi ned in the 
following ways.
Dusts 
are solid particles slightly heavier than air but 
often suspended in it for a period of time. The size of 
the particles ranges from about 0.4 
µ
m (fi ne) to 10 
µ

(coarse). Dusts are created either by mechanical pro-
cesses (e.g. grinding or pulverizing) or construction pro-
cesses (e.g. concrete laying, demolition or sanding), or by 
specifi c tasks (e.g. furnace ash removal). The fi ne dust is 
much more hazardous because it penetrates deep into 
the lungs and remains there – known as 
respirable dust

In rare cases, respirable dust enters the bloodstream 
directly causing damage to other organs. Examples of 
such fi ne dust are cement, granulated plastic materials 
and silica dust produced from stone or concrete dust. 
Repeated exposure may lead to permanent lung dis-
ease. Any dusts, which are capable of entering the nose 
and mouth during breathing, are known as 
inhalable 
dusts
.
Gases
are any substances at a temperature above 
their boiling point. Steam is the gaseous form of water. 
Common gases include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, 
223
14
Chemical and 
biological health 
hazards and control


Introduction to Health and Safety at Work
224
nitrogen and oxygen. Gases are absorbed into the 
bloodstream where they may be benefi cial (oxygen) or 
harmful (carbon monoxide).
Vapours
are substances which are at or very close to 
their boiling temperatures. They are gaseous in form. 
Many solvents, such as cleaning fl uids, fall into this cat-
egory. The vapours, if inhaled, enter the bloodstream 
and some can cause short-term effects (dizziness) and 
long-term effects (brain damage).
Liquids
are substances which normally exist at a tem-
perature between freezing (solid) and boiling (vapours 
and gases). They are sometimes referred to as fl uids in 
health and safety regulations.
Mists
are similar to vapours in that they exist at or near 
their boiling temperature but are closer to the liquid 
phase. This means that there are suspended very small 
liquid droplets present in the vapour. A mist is produced 
during a spraying process (such as paint spraying). 
Many industrially produced mists can be very damaging 
if inhaled producing similar effects to vapours. It is pos-
sible for some mists to enter the body through the skin 
or by ingestion with food.
Fume
is a collection of very small metallic particles (less 
than 1 
µ
m) which have condensed from the gaseous 
state. They are most commonly generated by the weld-
ing process. The particles tend to be within the respir-
able range (approximately 0.4–1.0 
µ
m) and can lead to 
long-term permanent lung damage. The exact nature 
of any harm depends on the metals used in the welding 
process and the duration of the exposure.

Download 5,86 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   350   351   352   353   354   355   356   357   ...   722




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish