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5
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91
10
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20
1
2
3
4
5
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7
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30
1
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51
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R E F E R E N C E S
221
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224.
R E F E R E N C E S
222
Abbas, Mahmoud 144
Abdullah, Sheik 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205
abortion protests 172
Abu Ghraib prison, Iraq 37,
45
Achebe, Chinua 213
Acheson, Dean 151
Addis Ababa 178
Aden, Yemen 177
Afghanistan 2, 85; and al-Qaeda 157, 171,
173, 176, 179; boundary with Pakistan
131; conquest of Kashmir (1752) 197;
Soviet invasion 176, 177; US deployment
of troops in
48
; US invasion and
overthrow of Taliban 71, 74,
161
, 181,
181–2; and “War on Terrorism” 13, 154,
185
Africa: al-Qaeda’s anti-US activities 40;
European “scramble” for 13; in ideas of
classic geopoliticians 21, 22; independent
countries and decline of white-rule
4
;
influence of Soviet Union 59; Orientalism
and “knowledge” of 91; socialist
movements 40; spatial organizations of
power relations 3
Agamben, Giorgio 185
agency 24–5, 33; of states 101–2; and structure
26–7, 29, 161, 172, 186, 189, 211, 213;
see also
geopolitical agents
Agnew, John 5, 8, 10, 24, 29
Ahmad, E. 166
Al-Jazeera 93, 101
al-Qaeda: Afghanistan as base of 171; and bin
Laden’s
fatwa
against US 71; as
challenge to US world leadership 50, 53,
184; exaggeration of capabilities of 185;
geopolitical codes
72
; hierachy of
operatives 174–6; history 176–9;
metageography 179–81; motivation for
terrorist acts 165; networks 173, 174;
Putin’s allegations of Chechen links with
118; US allegations of Saddam’s links
with 71, 99, 182; and US invasion of
Afghanistan 74, 181, 181–2; US as target
of 40, 158
al-Quds al-Arabi
70–1
al Zawahiri 180
Alexander, Y. 177, 181
Algemeen Dagblad
7
Algeria 181
Allen, B.
192
allies: geopolitical codes 56–7; identified
by US in NSC-68 69; sought by
bin Laden 71; in US “War against
Terrorism” 76
American Defense Monitor
167
American values/way of life 69,
167
Americas 22, 40;
see also
Latin America;
South America
Amnesty International 16, 144, 202–3
Anan, Koffi 185
ancient Greece: and comparison of US to
classical societies 88, 89; used by Greece
to justify conflict over Cyprus 125–6
Anderson, B. 120
anti-globalization movement
160
,
210
Appadurai, A. 148
Apple, B.
193
Arab-Americans 128
Arab nationalism: Iraqi Baa’thist party 98;
Nasser and United Arab Republic
94–5; in Saddam’s representation of
1991 Gulf War 94–9
1111
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31111
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
51
6
7
8
9
40
1
2
3
4
5111
INDEX
Page references in
bold
indicate figures; page references in
italic
indicate activities, boxes and
tables.
Arab world
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