Introduction to Geopolitics

see also
Holocaust
geodeterminism
22
, 34–5
geographical scale: economics 11; geopolitical
agents 25–6, 27; hierarchy 
13
, 27, 
27
, 29;
human activity and 12, 
13
; and Okinawa
as contested place 10–11; political acts
11–12
geography 1–2, 30; as basis of introducing
identity cards 153–4; and changing nature
of terrorism 165, 167–73, 186; cultural
groups 148; images constructed by classic
geopoliticians 24; nature of boundaries
137, 155; Ratzel’s significance 20; and
spaces 2–3; work on porosity of borders
131
geopolitical agents 24–6, 27, 30, 189, 196–7;
countries 28–9, 30, 33–4, 53, 55, 102,
158; Jammu/Kashmir 203–8; knowing
structural context of 212
geopolitical codes 30, 189; al Qaeda and bin
Laden’s challenge to US 70–2, 
72
; and
boundaries 153–5; and boundary conflicts
134–6; calculations for 55–8; interpreted
within Modelski’s model 65, 70, 76,
101–2; masculine nature of 120, 122–5;
and national identity 126, 127; relating to
Central Asian republics 61; scales 58–61;
states’ justifications of 125–7; US as
world leader 66–71, 
68
, 86; “War on
Terrorism” 72–6, 99, 154, 186, 212
1111
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31111
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
51
6
7
8
9
40
1
2
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5111
I N D E X
227

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geopolitical theoreticians 16; classic theorists
24, 33; and statesmanship 17–24
geopolitical vision 127
geopoliticians 51–3, 186, 212
geopolitics: brief history 17–24; definitions
13–14; in human geography 1–2, 27;
individuals’ engagement in 16, 25, 194;
“messiness” of 186, 189, 196–7, 208;
organization of this book 29–30; task of
this book 211–12; 
see also
classic
geopolitics
Georgia 61, 63
Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) 
52
German, T.C. 113, 114
Germany 96, 119; al-Qaeda cell 179; Anglo-
American bombing of 
162
,
163
; Baader-
Meinhof gang 168; challenge to Britain at
end of nineteenth century 17, 18, 20–1,
21, 49, 65, 66; classic geopolitics 20–1,
23, 24; and creation of EU 56; during
period of global war 65; geodeterministic
approach to 
22
; Kaiser Wilhelm I’s
expansionism 66; 
see also
Nazi Germany
Gibraltar 126
Gilmartin, M. 13, 16
global geopolitical codes 59, 67
global politics: non-state actors 23
global war: geopolitical codes 6; Huntington’s
thesis 44; in Modelski’s model 37, 39, 42,
50, 51
global warming 41, 
210
globalization: and cosmopolitanism 8; flows
30, 158; geopolitics 30, 157, 158–9; and
metageography 157, 160, 190; US role in
159–60, 160–2
Gorbachev, Mikhail 114, 177
Gramsci, Antonio: concept of power 28, 35,
51, 85, 
90
Great Britain 
see
Britain
Greece: conflict with Turkey over Cyprus
125–6, 126; 
see also
ancient Greece
greenhouse gas emissions 16
Greenpeace 16, 
210
Gregory, Derek 92, 185
Grey, Sir Edward 65
Grozny 114, 115, 118
Guantanamo Bay 
45
,
46
Guatemala
167
Gujarat
182
Gulab Singh 197–8
Gulf War (1991) 70; Saddam Hussein’s
representation of 79, 94–9
Gunaratna, R. 177, 179, 181
Haiti
167
Hamas 142
Haraway, Donna 13, 16, 20
Hardt, Michael 44
Hari Singh 198, 199, 200
Harvard University 44
hate crimes: targeting homosexuals 6–7
Haushofer, Karl 20–1, 
22
Hawaii 67, 149
“Heartland”: Mackinder’s theory 18, 
19
, 65
Hebron 140
hegemony: Wallerstein’s concept 35, 
35
Helmly, Lt. Gen. James 
48
Henley on Thames 6
Herzl, Theodor 139
Hindus: conflict with Muslims in Kashmir 198,
199, 204, 205, 206
historical determinism: problem of Modelski’s
model 50
history: Fukuyama’s view 44; Modelski’s view
37–9; national 
108
, 128
Hitler, Adolf 20, 83, 108, 140, 166
Hoffman, Bruce 164, 165, 174–6
Hollywood: biblical and Roman epic movies
69, 86–7, 
87
, 89; portrayal of horrors of
war 82–3
Holocaust 140; 
see also
genocide
Homeland Security (US) 133, 154, 157, 
212
homophobia 8
homosexuality: hate crimes targeting 6–7; in
novels of warfare 119–20
Honda 11
Honduras
161
,
167
; “Soccer War” with El
Salvador 79–80
Huang, R. 181–2
human activity: creation of geographic scales
12,
13
human geography: definitions 2–3; and
geopolitics 1–2, 27
human rights groups 23
human rights issues: Israel’s treatment of
Palestinians 144; violations by US
military personnel in Colombia 
167
Human Rights Watch 116–17, 
192
,
193
humanitarianism: in portrayal of US global
mission 88, 89, 90
Hungary 59
Huntington, Samuel 23, 44, 92
Hussein, Saddam 58, 
97
; Baa’thist ideology
95; representation of 1991 Gulf War 79,
94–9; US allegations of links with al-
Qaeda 71, 99, 182
I N D E X
228

---

identity: borderlands 147–8; mobilization
within structures 211; and sense of place
6,
11
identity cards 153–4
identity politics: and hate crimes 6–7
ideological power 49, 51
imagined communities 120
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 40, 
73
, 158
immigrants: British policy 109; European
pressures on 131; experiences of
discrimination in US 108
imperial overstretch 43, 
44
, 45; United States
47–9, 185
imperialism: and British memorialization of
losses in war 66; and geopolitics 17;
period of global war 81; post-9/11 US 44
India: economic growth and energy demands
61, 208–9; and Jammu/Kashmir 200, 201,
202–3, 203–8; nuclear testing 202;