Introduction to Algorithms, Third Edition


Push-relabel algorithms



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Introduction-to-algorithms-3rd-edition

26.4
Push-relabel algorithms
In this section, we present the “push-relabel” approach to computing maximum
flows. To date, many of the asymptotically fastest maximum-flow algorithms are
push-relabel algorithms, and the fastest actual implementations of maximum-flow
algorithms are based on the push-relabel method. Push-relabel methods also effi-
ciently solve other flow problems, such as the minimum-cost flow problem. This
section introduces Goldberg’s “generic” maximum-flow algorithm, which has a
simple implementation that runs in
O.V
2
E/
time, thereby improving upon the
O.VE
2
/
bound of the Edmonds-Karp algorithm. Section 26.5 refines the generic
algorithm to obtain another push-relabel algorithm that runs in
O.V
3
/
time.
Push-relabel algorithms work in a more localized manner than the Ford-
Fulkerson method. Rather than examine the entire residual network to find an aug-
menting path, push-relabel algorithms work on one vertex at a time, looking only
at the vertex’s neighbors in the residual network. Furthermore, unlike the Ford-
Fulkerson method, push-relabel algorithms do not maintain the flow-conservation
property throughout their execution. They do, however, maintain a
preflow
, which
is a function
f
W
V
V
!
R
that satisfies the capacity constraint and the following
relaxation of flow conservation:
X
2
V
f .; u/
X
2
V
f .u; /
0
for all vertices
u
2
V
f
s
g
. That is, the flow into a vertex may exceed the flow
out. We call the quantity
e.u/
D
X
2
V
f .; u/
X
2
V
f .u; /
(26.14)
the
excess flow
into vertex
u
. The excess at a vertex is the amount by which the
flow in exceeds the flow out. We say that a vertex
u
2
V
f
s; t
g
is

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