DRAFT
Introduction:
Hello everyone. Let me just start by introducing myself. My name is Behruz Hamrakulov. The topic of my presentation is money inflation. By the end of this talk you will be familiar with the:
Definition of inflation
Types of inflation
Causes of inflation
Effects on inflation
And Inflation rate
And now I will explain in more detail. First of all, what is an inflation? Inflation is the decline of purchasing power of a given currency over time. A quantitative estimate of the rate at which the decline in purchasing power occurs can be reflected in the increase of an average price level of a basket of selected goods and services in an economy over some period of time. The rise in the general level of prices, often expressed as a percentage, means that a unit of currency effectively buys less than it did in prior periods. While it is easy to measure the price changes of individual products over time, human needs extend beyond one or two such products. Individuals need a big and diversified set of products as well as a host of services for living a comfortable life. They include commodities like food grains, metal, fuel, utilities like electricity and transportation, and services like healthcare, entertainment, and labor.
TYPES OF INFLATION
Inflation occurs when the prices of goods and services increase. There are four main types of inflation, categorized by their speed. They are "creeping," "walking," "galloping," and "hyperinflation." There are specific types of asset inflation and also wage inflation. Some experts argue that demand-pull (also known as "price inflation") and cost-push inflation are two more types, but they are causes of inflation. So is the expansion of the money supply.
1.Creeping or mild inflation occurs when prices rise by 3% or less per year. According to the Federal Reserve, when prices increase by 2% or less, it benefits conomic growth. That kind of mild inflation makes consumers expect that prices will keep going up, which boosts demand. Consumers buy now in order to beat higher future prices. That's how mild inflation drives economic expansion. For that reason, the Fed sets 2% as its target inflation rate.1
2. This strong, or destructive, inflation is between 3% and 10% per year. It is harmful to the economy, because it heats up economic growth too quickly. People start to buy more than they need, to avoid tomorrow's much-higher prices. This increased buying drives demand even further so that suppliers can't keep up. More important, neither can wages. As a result, common goods and services are priced out of the reach of most people.
3. When inflation rises to 10% or more, it wreaks absolute havoc on the economy. Money loses value so quickly that business and employee income can't keep up with costs and prices. Foreign investors, in turn, avoid the country where this occurs, depriving it of needed capital. The economy becomes unstable, and government leaders lose credibility. Galloping inflation must be prevented at all costs.
4. Hyperinflation occurs when prices skyrocket by more than 50% per month. It is very rare. In fact, most examples of hyperinflation occur when governments print money to pay for wars. Examples of hyperinflation include Germany in the 1920s, Zimbabwe in the 2000s, and Venezuela in the 2010s.2 The last time the United States experienced hyperinflation was during the Civil War.
Conclusion:
That covers just about everything I wanted to say about
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