Introducing English Linguistics

Course in General Linguistics, A (1916), 3, 20
creativity, 16
creole, 22
Croft, W., 40–41
Cruse, D., 169, 170, 172, 176
Crystal, D., 21–22, 43
Cursor Mundi, 160
Czech, 27
D’Arcy, A., 73
Daily Courant, The (1702), 34
Danesˇ, Frantisek, 98
Danish, 21
declarations, 50, 52
declarative sentences, 98, 112, 130, 136–39
definite noun phrases, 185
deixis, 8, 149, 151, 182–83
referential, 183–86
spatial, 186–87
temporal, 187–92
demonstrative pronouns, 103
denotation, 152
dependent clauses see subordinate clauses
derivational affixes, 150, 154–56
productivity, 156
derivational morphemes, 154
descriptive meaning, 152
descriptivism, 13–14
determinatives, 28, 120
devoicing, 206
diachronic vs. synchronic linguistics, 20
dialect, 21–22
dialogic speech, 84–85
dictionaries, 34, 150, 157–59
creation of, 159–65, 165–67
Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), 72
Dictionary of Prefixes, Suffixes and Combining Forms, 
A (Merriam-Webster), 154 
Dictionary of the English Language, A (1755), 34, 167 
Dijk, Teun A. Van, 80, 95–97
diphthongs, 33, 203–4
direct objects, 140–41
direct speech acts, 52–53
directive speech acts, 50, 51–52, 65–68
discourse marker, 73
distal deictic, 186–87
ditransitive verb, 141
Dixon, R. M. W., 29
Dresher, B. E., 211
Dutch, 23
Dyson, E. D., 75
Early Modern English, 24, 33–34
Ebonics, 75, 75
Edmonds, P., 171
ellipsis, 102, 104–5
embedding, 122
end-focus, 99
endophora, 183–86
English
current state of, 20–24
development of, 20, 23–24, 31–34, 41–42
gender, 27
indirectness, 53
word order, 36–37
see also Old English; Middle English; Modern English
English Academy, 34
English consonants, 199–202
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 20, 23, 42
Eurasiatic language family, 30–31
exclamatory sentences, 139–40
exophora, 183–86
explicit speech acts, 50–52
expressive meaning, 152
expressive speech acts, 50, 52
face, 59–60
face-threatening act (FTA), 62, 65–68
Farming-Dispersal Hypothesis, 29–30
felicity conditions, 54–55

---

Fillmore, C., 48–49
Finegan, E., 115, 136, 144
finite verb, 131–33
First Folio (1623), 34
Fish, Stanley, 48
focusing adverb, 128
folk etymology, 182
formal definitions, 113–15
Fournier, J. M., 211
free morphemes, 152–53
French, 23, 32–33
gender, 27
stress, 210, 211
fricatives, 200–201
Frisian, 23
function words, 96
functional sentence perspective (FSP), 
98–99
functional shift, 180
Furnivall, Frederick James, 160
fusional inflections, 27
fusional languages, 35–36
gender, 14–15, 26–29, 115
and variations in speech, 70–71, 73
General American (GA), 74, 202
generalized theory of selection, 40
generic reference, 185
generosity maxim, 69–70
genre, 81–83
German, 23, 23, 24, 28, 35, 180, 197
gender, 27, 28
stress, 210–11
word order, 38
Germanic language family, 23–24, 154–55
gestures, 4
Gilliver, P., 160
Gimbutas, Marija, 29
Google, 180
Gordon, M., 75
Gordon, R. G., Jr., 20
Gothic, 23
grammar, 1, 9
rules, 6–12
traditional, 115
grammatical descriptions, 113–15
grammatical meaning, 47, 48–49, 151
grammatical morpheme, 153–54
grammaticality, 11–12
graphemes, 3
gratitude, 68–69
Gray, Charles, 161
Great Vowel Shift, 33, 41
Greek, 154–55
Greenbaum, S., 99, 104, 115, 123–24, 124, 126, 128, 131, 136,
137, 139, 189
Greenberg, J. H., 30, 39
Grice, H. P., 55–57. 61, 70
Grimm, Jacob, 25–26
Grimm’s Law, 25–26
Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 159
Haegeman, L., 127–28
Hake, R., 60
Hall, J. H., 40, 72–73
Halliday, Michael, A. K., 3, 10, 16–17, 80, 81, 84–85, 98, 102,
105, 105–7, 183
Harper-Collins, 162
Hassan, R., 10, 17, 80, 81, 84–85, 102, 105, 105–7, 183
head, 117
Helwich, Harwig Richard, 160–61
Hering, J., 211
High German (Hochdeutsch), 24
Hindi, 23, 197
hip-hop culture, 73
Hirst, G., 171