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Indoor cycling
The UCI sponsors world championships for artistic cycling and cycle ball at an annual event known as the UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships.
Membership Continental confederations
The national federations form confederations by continent:
Asian Cycling Confederation – ACC
Union Européenne de Cyclisme – UEC (European Cycling Union)
Oceania Cycling Confederation – OCC
Confederación Panamericana de Ciclismo – COPACI (Pan American Cycling Confederation)
Confédération Africaine de Cyclisme – CAC (African Cycling Confederation)
Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number approximately one billion worldwide.[5] They are the principal means of transportation in many parts of the world, especially in densely populated European cities.[6]
Cycling is widely regarded as an effective and efficient mode of transportation[7][8] optimal for short to moderate distances.
Bicycles provide numerous possible benefits in comparison with motor vehicles, including the sustained physical exercise involved in cycling, easier parking, increased maneuverability, and access to roads, bike paths and rural trails. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of fossil fuels, less air or noise pollution, reduced greenhouse gas emissions,[9] and greatly reduced traffic congestion.[10] These have a lower financial cost for users as well as for society at large (negligible damage to roads, less road area required). By fitting bicycle racks on the front of buses, transit agencies can significantly increase the areas they can serve.[11]
In addition, cycling provides a variety of health benefits.[12][13] The World Health Organization (WHO) states that cycling can reduce the risk of cancers, heart disease, and diabetes that are prevalent in sedentary lifestyles.[14][10] Cycling on stationary bikes have also been used as part of rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, particularly after hip surgery.[15] Individuals who cycle regularly have also reported mental health improvements, including less perceived stress and better vitality.[16]
Among the disadvantages of cycling are the requirement of bicycles (excepting tricycles or quadricycles) to be balanced by the rider in order to remain upright, the reduced protection in crashes in comparison to motor vehicles,[17] often longer travel time (except in densely populated areas), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the fact that a basic level of fitness is required for cycling moderate to long distances.
References
^ Jump up to:a b c d The Bicycle, 16 September 1942, p6
^ "ProTour Heads Down Under", Cycling News, 28 September 2007
^ "Gaudry Q&A: Reflecting on the UCI vote with its first female vice president - VeloNews.com". 2 October 2013.
^ The Bicycle, 16 September 1942, p7
^ "Death of cyclist Andrei Kivilev: declaration by the International Cycling Union". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
^ "Mandatory wear of helmets for the elite category" (Press release). Union Cycliste Internationale. 2 May 2003. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
^ "Article 1.3.031" (PDF). Union Cycliste Internationale. 2 May 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
^ McGrath, Matt (27 July 2008). "Cycling cash linked to Olympics". BBC News. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
^ Johnson, Greg (20 May 2010). "Landis confesses to doping, implicates Armstrong and Bruyneel". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
^ Weislo, Laura (26 July 2012). "McQuaid disavows UCI responsibility in Armstrong case". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
^ Schrotenboer, Brent, "Lance Armstrong named names under oath", USA Today, 10 April 2014
^ "Lance Armstrong Reveals Names in Lawsuit", New York Times, 10 April 2014
^ Jump up to:a b UCI's failure to silence LeMond Daniel Benson and Susan Westemeyer, 4 October 2012
^ Vaughters defends Kimmage ahead of UCI case, Daniel Benson, cyclingnews.com, 28 September 2012
^ News for 10 March 2002, cyclingnews.com, Edited by Jeff Jones, section "UCI wants damages from Voet". retr 2012 10 22
^ Jump up to:a b UCI wins legal battle against Voet Anthony Tan, cyclingnews.com, 20 May 2006, Updated: 20 April 2009, retr 2012 10 22
^ The Secret Race: Inside the Hidden World of the Tour de France. By Daniel Coyle, Tyler Hamilton, Random House Digital, Inc., 5 September 2012, page 94, footnote
^ [1], BBC Sport – Cycling, 23 September 2006, retr 2012 10 13
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