Intermediate passages 1 The best recruiting agents

34 The importance of dreams

In 1960, an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movement, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movement generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders, while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered but the disturbance of dreaming.

1. 
   During the research, those woken while dreaming A) were hardly affected at all
   

C) reported that their dreams affected their personalities

2. 
   were the ones who had had personality disorders
   

4. 
   displayed signs of disturbance in their personalities
   

2. 
   We can infer from the passage that during sleep, A) people dream all the time
   

B) the type of eye-movement indicates the type of dream

C) there is no eye-movement when the person isn't dreaming
D) drifting and slow eye-movement coincides with a dream that can't later be reported

2. 
   The research implied that
   

1. 
   people with personality disorders dreamt more than others
   
2. 
   interrupting dreams was more significant than interrupting sleep
   
3. 
   dreamless sleep led to fewer personality disorders
   
4. 
   dreams lasted for equal periods of time in different people