Intellekt va kreativlik. Reja: Intellekt va kreativlik haqida tushuncha

Creative intelligence is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas.⁴⁶

Ikkinchi mezon - anglanganlikdir. Bu asnoda so’z borganda sinaluvchi tomonidan muammo yechimining a⁴nglanganligi nazarda tutiladi.

Intellektual testlar shaxsdan konvergent tafakkurni talab qiladi. Kreativ testlar esa divergent tafakkurni talab etadi.

Kreativlik- bu birvaqtning o‘zida yangi va qadrli g‘oyalarni yaratuvchi ijodkorlik qobiliyatidir.[410]

Sternberg va uning kasbdoshlari kreativlikning 5 komponentini ishlab chiqishgan.

1. 
   SHaxsdagi bilimning ko‘pqirraligi. Qo‘lga qiritgan bilimilarimiz g‘oyalarimizning ko‘p bo‘lishining asosi hisoblandi. Dunyoviy bilimilarimiz qanchalik ko‘p bo‘lsa, psixikamizdagi bloklar ham shunchalik ko‘p bo‘ladi. Hayotda muammolarni hal qilishda bilimlarimiz qanchalik ko‘p bo‘lsa, uni hal qilish shunchalik oson bo‘ladi.
   
2. 
   Tasavvuriy tafakkur narsa va hodisalarini yangidan ko‘rishga, ularni qayta yaratishga va bog‘lashga imkon beradi. Muammoning asosiy elementini tasavvur qilib uni o‘zlashtiramiz va uni yangi bosqichga olib o‘tamiz.
   
3. 
   Tavakkalchilik- yangi ta’surotlarni qidirish. Buni ikki ma’noda ko‘rish mumkin. YA’ni birinchisi tavakkal va muammoni engib o‘tishdagi qat’iylikda deb ko‘rish mumkin.bunday xususiyatga ega bo‘lgan shaxslar orqaga qaytishdan ko‘ra, yangi tajribaga ega bo‘lishni avzal deb bilishadi.
   
4. 
   Ichki motivatsiya majburlikdan ko‘ra shaxsda murakkab masalani echishda qiziqiqish va qoniqish hissini yuzaga keltiradi. Ijodkor shaxs masalaning muddatini, uning keltiruvchi daromadini va talabgorlari haqida o‘ylamaydi. Butin e’tibori maslani echishdagi qonikish hisi va stimuli qaratadi. Isaak Nyutondan “Siz bunday murakkab masalalarni qanday qilib hal qilagansiz” deb so‘rashganda, u shunday javob bergan “Men bu muammo haqida tunu kun o‘ylab yurganman ” deb javob bergan.
   
5. 
   Ijodiy muhit shaxsdagi ijodiy g‘oyalarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashga yordam beradi. Hamkasblar bilan ijobiy munosabat va ularni ko‘magi shaxsdagi g‘oyalarni kamol topishiga turtki bo‘ladi. Lekin shuni ta’qidlab o‘tish kerakki, ba’zi tadqiqotlarda ijtimoiy muhitning shaxsga salbiy ta’siri holati ham kuzatilgan. Masalan, amerikalik talabalarga insho yozish topshirig‘i berilgan. Ular yozgan inshoni uning kursdoshlari tomonidan tekshirilishi oldindan ogohlantirilgan. Boshqa guruhga esa faqatgina insho yozishni aytishagan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, ogohlantirilgan guruhning insholari yomon yozilgani ma’lum bo‘lgan. Bu holatda biz ijtimoiy muhitning ijodkorlikka salbiy ta’sirini yaqqol ko‘rishimiz mumkin.⁵[3]
   

1.Expertise, a well-developed base of knowledge, furnishes the ideas, images, and phrases we use as mental building blocks. "Chance favors only the prepared mind," observed Louis Pasteur. The more blocks we have, the more chances we have to combine them in novel ways. Wiles' well-developed base of knowledge put the needed theorems and methods at his disposal.

2.Imaginative thinking skills provide the ability to see things in novel ways, to rec­ognize patterns, and to make connections. Having mastered a problem's basic el­ements, we redefine or explore it in a new way. Copernicus first developed expertise regarding the solar system and its planets, and then creatively defined the system as revolving around the Sun, not the Earth. Wiles' imaginative solu­tion combined two partial solutions.

3.A venturesome personality seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles. Inventor Thomas Edison tried countless substances before finding the right one for his lightbulb filament. Wiles said he labored in near-isolation from the mathematics community partly to stay fo­cused and avoid distraction. Venturing encounters with different cultures also fosters creativity (Leung et al., 2008).

4.Intrinsic motivation is being driven more by interest, satisfaction, and challenge than by external pressures (Amabile & Hennessey, 1992). Creative people focus less on extrinsic motivators—meeting deadlines, impressing people, or making money—than on the pleasure and stimulation of the work itself. Asked how he solved such difficult scientific problems, Isaac Newton reportedly answered, "By thinking about them all the time." Wiles concurred: "I was so obsessed by this problem that for eight years I was thinking about it all the time—when I woke up in the morning to when I went to sleep at night" (Singh & Riber, 1997).

5."If you would allow me any talent, it's simply this: I can, for whatever reason, reach down into my own brain, feel around in all the mush, find and extract something from my persona, and then graft it onto an idea."

6.