Input-output organization

The baud rate is defined as the rate at which serial information is transmitted and is equivalent to the data transfer in bits per second.

Ten character per second with an 11-bit format has a transfer rate of 110 baud.

Asynchronous Data Transfer

UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER-TRANSMITTER - UART -

A typical asynchronous communication interface available as an IC - Accepts a data byte(from CPU) through the data bus ^Serial transformation- Transferred to a shift register for serial transmission Receiver Receives serial information into another shift register Complete data byte is sent to the receiver register Status Register Bits Used for I/O flags and for recording errors (parity , framing, overrun error) Control Register Bits Define baud rate, no. of bits in each character, whether to generate and check parity, and no. of stop bits , used for initialization.

FIRST-IN-FIRST-OUT(FIFO or Queue ) BUFFER

FIFO buffer stores information in first in and first out manner. It can input data and out put data at two different rates. So it is useful when source and destination unit has different data transfer rates.