Ingliz tilida predloglarning grammatik xususiyati

in the morning ✅

in the afternoon ✅

in the evening ✅

but - at night

Last/next/this/every soʻzlari oldidan in/on/at predloglari payt ravishini bildirganda qoʻllanilmaydi.

Ex: I will see you next Friday. (on next Friday emas)

Ex: They got married last March. (in last March emas)

In+muddat kelajak zamonda ishlatilganda in koʻmakchisi keyin deb tarjima qilinadi.

Ex: The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (Poyezd bir necha daqiqadan keyin joʻnab ketadi)

Ex: Jack has gone away. He will be back in a week. (Jek sayohatga ketdi. U bir haftadan keyin qaytadi)

Hozirgi va oʻtgan zamonda muddatni bildiradigan soʻzlar bilan qoʻllanilganda in koʻmakchisi ichida deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin.

Ex: I learnt to drive in four weeks. (Men toʻrt hafta ichida haydashni oʻrgandim.)

5.PREDLOGLARNING FE’LLI BIRIKMALAR TARKIBIDA MA’NO O’ZGARISHI

Ko'p predloglar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tarjima qilinmaydi. Ko'pincha bir til predloglar kelib, turlicha ma'no anglatib iboralarga aylanadilar.
Masalan:
to look for — qidirmoq
to look at - qaramoq
to look through — qarab chiqmoq.
Va boshqa ma'nolarda keladi. Bunday iboralarni yodlash kerak.
Predloglarga e'tibor berib gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1. Some men are in the corridor.
2. He is at the desk.
3. The TV set is in the corner of the room.
4. After the lessons we go ho me.
5. I wash my hands before dinner.
6. This is a picture of a cafe.
7. The books are on the shelves
8. There are some now words in the text.
9. My father is at the office.
10. At 12 o'clock we have dinner.
11. These texts are for reading.
12. We haven't much snow in winter.
13. The dog is under the table.
14. He is looking through the window.
15. English people like to speak about weather.
By predlogi haqida
Tomonidan, bilan (ish-harakatni bajaruvchi shaxsni yoki kuchni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi):
Ex: «Navoi» was written by Oybek. («Navoiy» Oybek tomonidan yozilgan.)
Bilan, yordamida (odatda gerund bilan kelib ish-harakatni bajarish usuli yoki vositasini ifodalaydi):
Ex: He improved his pronunciation by reading aloud.
(U ovoz chiqarib o‘qish bilan talaffuzini yaxshiladi)
-gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo‘ladigan vaqtni ko‘rsatadi):
Ex:They had discharged the steamer by three o’clock.
(Ular soat uchgacha kemaning yukini tushirib bo‘lishdi.)
Yonida, oldida ma’nosida:
Ex:He was sitting by the window. (U deraza yonida o‘tirgan edi. )
yonidan (= past):
Ex: He walked by me without saying a word.
(U mening yonimdan bir so‘z demasdan o‘tib ketdi.)
Yonidan (past bilan birga ravish bo‘lib keladi):
Ex: He walked by without looking at me. (U menga qaramasdan o‘tib ketdi )
By bilan ishlatiladigan fe'lli birikmalar(pharsal verbs)

• 
  to divide by -ga bo‘lmoq
  
• 
  to multiply by - ga ko'paytirmoq
  
• 
  to increase by - ga ko'tarmoq
  
• 
  to decrease by - ga kamaytirmoq
  

Ex: In September the output of our plant increased by 15 per cent, as compared with the preceding month.
(Sentabrda zavodimizda mahsulot ishlab chiqarish oldingi oydagiga qaraganda 15 foizga oshdi.)
to judge by - ga qarab hukm qilmoq, xulosa chiqarmoq
Ex: Never judge by appearances.
(Hech qachon odamning tashqi ko‘rinishiga qarab hukm qilmang)
to mean by - bilan … demoqchi bo‘lmoq
Ex: What do you mean by that? (Bu bilan nima demoqchisiz?)
to take (seize, hold, pull) by - -dan ushlamoq, tutmoq (changallamoq, tortmoq)
Ex: He took her by the arm. (U uning qo‘lidan ushladi (tutdi).
to get by - tirikchilik qilishga muvaffaq bo‘lmoq, kun o‘tkazmoq
Ex: Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on my salary.
(Narxlar qimmat bo‘lishiga qaramasdan biz mening maoshim bilan tirikchilikni o‘tkazishga muvaffaq bo‘lamiz.)

XULOSA
Hamma o'rganish amaliyotni talab qiladi. Umumjahon tilini o'rganish haqida gap ketganda, ingliz tilidagi fe'llarni, qo'shimchalarni, siz qila oladigan o'zgarishlarni, ularning sonini diqqat bilan ko'rib chiqish va to'g'ri talaffuz va so'z boyligini kafolatlash uchun har doim o'zingizni hujjatlashtirishingiz kerak. yangi dunyoda o'zingizni rivojlantirish uchun sizga alifbo kerak va hatto amalda.

Predloglar o’zidan keyin so’zlarni aloqasini ta’minlaydi, predmet va predmetni, predmet va belgi, predmet va jarayonni bir-biri bilan bog’lab ma’no hosil qiladi.
Bu aniqlikda quyidagi ikkita holatni (vaziyatni) e’tiborga olish zarur: Birinchidan, predlog so’zlarni bog’lovchisi hisoblanadi. Bu grammatik ahamyatlilik yuqori o’rinda turadi chunki, yuqorida aytilganidek predmetni predmetga, predmetni belgiga yoki predmetni jarayonga bog’liqlikni anglatadi.
Shuni esda tutishimiz lozim, o'zgarish faqat sizning qo'lingizdan keladi. Siz qo'shiqlarni tinglaysiz, o'zingizga yo'lboshchi yoki stol yasaysiz va maksimal darajada mashq qilasiz.
Shuni aytib o‘tish kеrakki, har qanday til birligining ma’nоsini tasvirlash, tushuntirib bеrish juda qiyin vazifa, ammо bu vazifani bajarishning оsоn yo‘li – bu o‘sha birlikni оna tiliga tarjima qilish yo‘li bilan tushuntirish. Ingliz tilida prеdlоglar sоni ko‘p, hattо ularning sоni ham nоma’lum. Biz mazkur qo‘llanmada tanlagan prеdlоglar ko‘pchilik darslarda uchraydigan prеdlоglardir.
Tilda so‘zlarni, so‘z birikmalarni bоg‘lоvchi asоsiy vоsita so‘z fоrmalari (kеlishik, shaхs-sоn fоrmalari) yordamchi so‘zlar, so‘z tartibi va intоnatsiyasidir. Ingliz tili tariхida kеlishik fоrmalarining yo‘qоlib kеtishi sababli hоzir ikkita kеlishik qоlgan, ularning vazifasini, asоsan, prеdlоglar bajaradi. Ammо, afsuski, ingliz tili amaliy grammatikalarida bu jarayon hеch hisоbga оlinmaydi, natijada prеdlоglarga yеtarli e’tibоr bеrilmaydi. Darsliklarni va o‘quv dasturlarini o‘rganish shuni ko‘rsatadiki , ingliz amaliy grammatikasi bo‘yicha darsliklarda prеdlоglar ma’nоlari va ishlatilishi nazardan chеtda qоlgan. O‘quv dasturlari, rеjalarida prеdlоglarga juda kam sоat ajratilgan.

7. FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI
1. Azar B. S. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Paramount
Communications Co. Englewood, New-Jersey, 1989
2. Blokh M. Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. M.: Vishaya Shkola,
1983.
3. Buranov J., Yusupov U., Iriskulov M., Sadiqov А. The Grammatical Structures of English, Uzbek and Russian. Part I. T.: Ukituvchi, 1986.
4. Close R. A. A Reference Grammar for Students of English. M. 1979.
5. Ilysh B. The Structure of Modern English. L.: Prosvesheniye, 1971, 1974.
6. Kabrina N. A., Korneyeva E. A. An Outline of Modern English Syntax. M. 1965.
7. Kaushanskaya V. L. et al. A Grammar of the English Language. L.1963.
8. Khaimovich В. S., Rogovskaya B. I. A Course in English Grammar. Высшая
школа, М.1963.
9. Lich G., Swartnik K. G. A Communicative Grammar of English. M. 1983.
10. Quirk R. et al. A University Grammar. M.:Vishaya Shkola, 1983. – 392 p
11. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1995. –350 pp.
12. Newings .M. Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambr.Unv. Press, 2002. –240 pр.
13. Penny Ur. Grammar Practice Activities. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1993. – 288 pр.
14. Postman H. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II. Groningen, 1996. – 260 pр.
15. Swan M., Walter K. English Grammar. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1990. –152 pp.
16. Tsvetkova A. English Grammar Practice. –M.: ONIKS. 2000. –250 pp.

1^ Tsvetkova A. English Grammar Practice. –M.: ONIKS. 2000. –250 pp.

2^ Lich G., Swartnik K. G. A Communicative Grammar of English. M. 1983. 109-pp

3^ Newings .M. Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambr.Unv. Press, 2002. –240 pр.

4^ Penny Ur. Grammar Practice Activities. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1993. – 288 pр.

5^ Close R. A. A Reference Grammar for Students of English. M. 1979.32-p.

6^ Swan M., Walter K. English Grammar. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1990. –152 pp.

7^. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Cambr.Unv. Press, 1995. –350 pp.

8^ Buranov J., Yusupov U., Iriskulov M., Sadiqov А. The Grammatical Structures of English, Uzbek and Russian. Part I. T.: Ukituvchi, 1986. 87-b

9^ Kabrina N. A., Korneyeva E. A. An Outline of Modern English Syntax. M. 1965. 113-b

10^ Kaushanskaya V. L. et al. A Grammar of the English Language. L.1963. 65-b.