«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

бе-, ба-, но-, сер-, ҳам- бебаҳо, баобрў, серҳосил, ҳамшаҳар
and etc. 
All prefixes in the Uzbek language are borrowed from Tajik and Persian 
languages. 
Thus, prefixation is a productive way of word formation in all 
languages. And they can form nouns and adjectives besides verbs. For 
example, in difference from English and Russian Uzbek language prefixes 
cannot form verbs, they are used for nouns and adjectives. Even though 
nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be formed in English in the same way as in 
Russian, the difference between English and Russian is that the adverbs 
cannot be formed by prefixation in English. 
Moreover, there is another similarity of compared languages in 
aproductive way of forming words is suffixing. The main function of suffixes 
in compared languages is to form one part of speech from another, the 

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secondary function is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of 
speech. (e.g. 
“govern”
is a verb, 
“government”
is a noun, and 
“music”
is a 
noun, 
“musician”
is also a noun or 
“учи”
is a verb, 
“учитель”
is a noun,
 
“суҳбат”
is a noun, 
“суҳбатлашди”
is a verb).
There are different classifications of suffixes: 
1. Part-of-speech classification. Suffixes which can form different parts 
of 
speecharegivenhere: 
a) noun-forming suffixes, such as : 
-er(criticizer),-dom(officialdom),
-
ism 
(ageism)
,
-ник(работник),-ец(продавец),
-увчи
(ўқитувчи)
, 
-
чилик(сотувчилик).
b) adjective-forming suffixes, such as : -
able(separable),
-
less(useless),-
ous(glamorous),-ный(сильный),-ной (глазной), -ли (чиройли), -сиз (тузсиз).
c) verb-forming suffixes, such as
-ize (modernize) , -ify (modify), -а-ть 
(завтракать), -нича-ть (умничать), -а (туна), -лан (фахрлан). 
d) adverb-forming suffixes , such as : 
-ly (likely), -о (привычно), -и 
(дружески),-лаб(челаклаб),-она(мардона). 
e) numeral-forming suffixes, such as: 
-teen (sixteen), -ty (seventy), -надцать 
(пятнадцать), -ой (-ый) (шестой),-та (иккита), -нчи (еттинчи).
2. Semantic classification. Suffixes changing the lexical meaning of the 
stem can be subdivided into groups, e.g. noun-forming suffixes can denote: 
a) the agent of the action, e.g
. -er (experimenter), -ist (taxist), -ent (student), -
ок(игрок),-чи(ишчи). 
b) nationality, e.g
. -ian (Russian), -ese (Japanese), -ish (English).
On the 
contrary with English Russian and Uzbek can show place of thenation: 
-вич 
(москвич),-лик(Тошкентлик). 
c) quality, e.g. 
-ness (copelessness), -ity (answerability), -увчан (қизиқувчан).
d) collectivity, e.g. 
-dom (moviedom), -ry (peasantry, -ship 
(readership), 
-ati(literati). 
e) diminutiveness, e.g. 
-ie (horsie), -let (booklet), -ling (gooseling), -ette 
(kitchenette). 
3. Lexico-grammatical character of the stem. Suffixes which can be added 
tocertaingroupsofstemsaresubdividedinto:
a) suffixes added to verbal stems, such as: 
-er (commuter), -ing (suffering), - 
able (flyable), -ment (involvement), -ation (computerization); -ство 
(правительство), -ация (модернизация); -кич (кўрсаткич), -ги (супурги).
b) suffixes added to noun stems, such as : 
-less (smogless), -ful (roomful), -ism