«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Questions for self-control: 
1. Give the definition of the term ―parts of speech‖ in Linguistics. 
2. Why do linguists name parts of speech as primary grammatical categories? 
3. Who suggested this term? 
4. Analyze different approaches to classification of parts of speech. What do 
you think about it? Give your own opinion. 
5. What is the main criterion for uniting words into one and the same part of 
speech? 
6. Different approaches to classification of parts of speech. 
7. What parts of speech are there in English, Uzbek and Russian? 
8. Reveal similarities and differences. 
9. The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition 
(Morphological level). 
Recommended Literatures: 
1.
Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского 
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2.
Буранов Ж.Б. Сравнительная типология английского и тюркских 
языков. М, 1983. 
3.
Рождественский Ю.В. Типология слова. М, 1969. 
4.
Sh. Rakhmatullaev. Hozirgi adabiy o‘zbek tili (darslik). Universitet. 
T, 2006. 
LECTURE10. TYPOLOGY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES IN 
ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES 
 
Problems for discussion: 
1.Types of grammatical categories 
2. The classification of parts of speech 
3.Synthetic and analytical forms of languages 
Key words:
Grammatical category, connotation, morphological and syntactic, 
categories, word formation 
 
A grammatical category isa system opposed to each other grammatical 
forms with similar values. Members of the same grammatical category are the 
general grammatical meaning and differ in connotation. 
Grammatical categories are subdivided into morphological and syntactic. 
Among the morphological categories are distinguished, for example, the kind of 
grammatical categories, tense, mood, person, gender, number, case; consistent 
expression of these categories are characterized by the whole grammatical word 
classes (parts of speech).

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Grammatical categories in different languages with a strong word formation, 
ie such members can be represented by the forms of the same word within its 
paradigm (for example, in the Russian language - the tense, the inclination, the 
number of the verb, number, case, gender adjectives degrees of comparison).
Word changing, ie such that the members can not be represented forms of 
the same word (for example, in the Russian language - the genus and 
animation/inanimation nouns). 
Also, grammatical categories are distinguished as: 
revealed a syntactically (relational), i.e. pointing especially to the 
combinability of the forms as part of the phrase or sentence (for example, in the 
Russian language - gender, case) 

non-syntactical detected (referential, nominative), ie expressed primarily 
different semantic abstraction, abstracted from properties,

connections and relationships extralinguistic reality (for example, in the 
Russian language - the kind of time) 
Such grammatical categoryas for example, the number or the person can 
combine features of both these types. 
According to Dr. Buranov, grammatical categories can be divided into two: 

grammatical macrocategories or primary grammatical categories (the term 
suggested by Aristotle); 

Grammatical microcategories or secondary grammatical categories (the term 
suggested by Aristotle).