Ingliz tili I fakulteti

Lecture 4. Amir Temur and Temurids Era. Division of Turkestan into khanates

Plan:

1. 
   Amir Temur's entry into the sphere of political struggle
   
2. 
   Amir Temur – founder of the centralized state
   
3. 
   Amir Temur's military campaigns
   
4. 
   The struggle after the death of Timur and the reign of Shahrukh
   
5. 
   1. Socio-political regulation in Central Asia in the XV and XVI centuries. Establishment of Sheibanikhan's power in the region.
   
6. 
   2. Formation of the Bukhara state, Khiva and Kokand khanates. Socio-economic condition there.
   
7. 
   3. Cultural life in the Uzbek khanates.
   

Key words: daruga, conqueror, Mongol devastation, military campaigns.

Immediately after gaining independence, our rich spiritual heritage, national values, including the history of our great-grandfather Amir Temur and the Temurids are deeply studied. More than thousand books on Amir Temur's heritage have been written in European and Oriental languages, numerous illustrations have been done. Amir Temur inherited not only great Sultanate but also good traditions to his descendants. All Temurids continued Amir Temur's work in the field of prosperity, justice management, science, culture and art. There was a period of development in all spheres of political, economic, cultural and spiritual life during reign time of  Amir Temur and the Temurids, that is recalled in the world as the Temurid Renaissance.

Amir Temur was born on April 9, 1336 in the village of Khoja Ilgar (Yakkabag) near Kesh (Shahrisabz). His full name is Amir Temur ibn Amir Taragay Ibn Amir Barkul. Amir Temur's mother Takina Khatun came from a respected Bey (Bek Agha) family. His father Amir Taragay is from a noble family of the Barlas, whose ancestors owned and ruled the surrounding areas of Kesh and Nesef.

Amir Temur spent his childhood in his native city of Kesh. At the age of seven, he began to study. His spiritual mentor was Sheikh Shamsuddin Kulal. Since childhood, Amir Temur loved horse racing and hunting, javelin throwing and archery, and had a penchant for war games. Amir Temur became a talented and brave rider, well versed in horses. As an adult, he gathered his childhood friends into a well-armed squad. Among the companions of Amir Temur was Abbas Bahadur, Jahanshahi, Kimahri Inak, Suleimansalem, Saifuddin and others. Later they became his loyal amirs.

Amir Temur began his military service with local rulers. Participating their internecine feuds, he gradually acquired military and tactical experience. Soon the fame of Amir Temur's bravery spread throughout the Kashkadarya valley, especially in the Kesh region. In 1352, Amir Temur married the daughter of Amir Jaku Barlas Turmush-Agha. In 1355, he married Kazagan's granddaughter, the younger sister of Amir Hussein Uljay Turkan-Agha. This marriage resulted a good relationship between Amir Temur and the ruler of Balkh, Amir Hussein.