Ingliz tili fanidan

2. Comprehension Questions
1. Where was New Amsterdam? Why did it have that name?
2. For what kind of architecture is New York City famous?
3. Why is Broadway famous?
4. Why is New York "the city that never sleeps"? Discussion Questions
1. What famous places in New York City do you know?
2. Is there someplace in Uzbekistan that is like Broadway? Why?
3. Would you like to visit New York City? Why?
4. What one place would you like to see in New York City?

LESSON 20

THE THEME: The Government of the USA
1.Read and translate the text
The United States of America is divided into 50 states and the District of Columbia, where its capi­tal, Washington, is located. Each state has its own government and laws, but there is one federal go­vernment which directs national and international affairs. The US constitution mandates a federal government composed of three branches: the exe­cutive, the legislative and the judicial.
The president is the head of the executive branch. Unlike many other countries, where the president is elected by the parliament, the president and the vice president of the United States are elected for a four-year term by a popular election. The president must be a natural-born citizen, a resident of the coun­try for 14 years, and at least 35 years old.
The president is assisted by the cabinet, people he appoints to head major departments. These are like ministries in many countries, but the positions aryl their departments are not part of the constitu­tion.
The president gives final approval to laws adopted by Congress, appoints judges and directs the activity of the government.
According to the constitution, the legislative branch of the government is Congress, which con­sists of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The members of the House of Rep­resentatives are elected for two-year terms. The number of representatives from each state depends on the number of people who live in that state. Sena­tors are elected for six-year terms. There are two senators from each state, no matter how large or small it is. One third of the
Senate is elected every two years.
Every law is discussed and must be adopted by both houses of Congress. Then it must be approved by the president. If the president does not approve a law, Congress can adopt it anyway, if two thirds of the members in each house agree to do so.
All citizens over 21 years of age have the right to vote. The government may not prevent anyone from voting because of religion, race, gender or national origin. National elections are held every two year at the beginning of November.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and the head of the judicial branch. It has one chief justice (judge) and eight associate justi­ces. The president appoints these judges for life, but his choices must be approved by the Senate.
The constitution was created to make sure thatno branch of the government became more power­ful than the others. The president directs the poli­cies of the government but must obey the laws adopted by Congress. Congress adopts laws, but the president usually must agree to the laws. The president appoints judges to the Supreme Court, but the Senate must agree to his appointments, and once a judge is on the Supreme Court, that judge cannot be removed for any decision he or she makes. The Supreme Court can cancel laws made by Congress and the president if a majority of the judges agree that the law does not agree with the constitution. The constitution is the highest’ authority. This system of making sure that no branch becomes more power­ful than the others is known as the "checks and bal­ances" that maintain the balance of power.
In the United States there are two main political parties, the Democratic and the Republican parties.