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Discuss the question below with the whole group.

— What problems arise in the field of your specialty nowadays (mention all three types of problem cause)?

2. 
   Use the linking words/phrases from the list below to fill in the table. The first has been done for you.
   

in the first place, also, for example, to sum up, moreover, firstly, although, to begin with, all thingsconsidered, such as, therefore, on the other hand, however, apart from this, in other words, in particular,for instance, for addition, because, taking everything into account, furthermore, for one thing, since, lastly, secondly, nonetheless, while

2. 
   Read the text. Match the sentence parts a-f and the paragraphs 1-6. Compare the results in pairs.
   

A ____who aims to reallocate cyber capital to bestserve the needs of the lient________
b. which is based on calculating the mostefficient route between many laces___________
c. that forces the climber to climb__________
d. set by somebody using chess pieces on achess board_______
e. i.e., an apparent conflict_________
f_____ but because of the existence of a certaintype of a problem in the world...


TYPES OF PROBLEMS
Problems can be divided into several typesaccording to scientists’ opinion.
1. In society, a problem can refer to particular socialissues, which, if solved, yield social benefits,such as increased class harmony or industryproductivity. Many would like to see an end toall social problems, known as a wicked problem,
that may unfortunately never occur.

2. In business and engineering, a problem is oftendefined as a difference between actual conditionsand those that are required or desired. Considerthe case of the asset manager. Sometimes, thecauses o f a problem here are not known, in which

case root cause analysis is employed to find thecauses and identify corrective actions.
3.In chess, a problem is a puzzle, often for others to get an instruction or intellectual satisfaction from determining the solution.

4.In academic discourse a problem is a challenge to an assumption, that requires synthesis and reconciliation. It is a normal part of systematic thinking, the address of which adds to or detracts from the veracity of a conclusion or idea. Problematization is employed to fix these kinds of problems.

5. A good example of an optimization problemis the travelling salesperson problem. Anothergood example of this type of a problem is how tooptimize and tune the electronic telescope arraysin Arizona so as to maintain connectivity with

Voyager satellites as they begin to leave the solarsystem.

6.In rock climbing, a problem is a series of rocks. For more challenging courses, a climber would seek out those rock climbing walls that require a longer reach or, perhaps, even a lunge.