Ingliz tili fanidan

8. Complete parts of the essay below using facts and your personal opinion.

1. Nowadays global problems are getting moreand more essential. I personally believe that theworld as a whole currently faces several dramaticproblems. Examples of these world problemsinclude terrorism, desertification, overpopulation,deforestation, pollution, and poverty. Of all theseworld problems the two that should currently befocused on are poverty and pollution.

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4. On the other hand,------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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LESSON 4

THE THEME:The Government of Great Britain
1.Read, translate and try to retell the text
The Government of Great Britain
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monar­chy, but it is well-known that the monarchy today has no state power. The real power belongs to the Parliament. Parliament is a group of people who make the laws for their country. British Parliament consists of two houses, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The Houses of Parliament are situated in Lon­don on the riverside near Westminster Abbey. West­minster Abbey is a very beautiful, ancient church in London in which the coronation ceremony of al­most all English kings and queens has taken place. Many famous people are buried there. Those who want to visit the Houses of Parliament and listen to debates may sit in the Strangers Gallery, special seals for the public, looking down into the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The mem­bers of each house meet in sessions which begin at the end of October and last for about 160 days. Whenever Parliament is in session a flag can be seen over the building. When the House of Com­mons is still sitting after dark there is a light over the face of Big Ben, the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament.
The main political parties represented in the Brit­ish Parliament are the Labour, Conservative, Libe­ral-Democratic, and Welsh and Scottish nationalist parties.
The House of Commons is the lower house. Itsmembers are elected for a period of five years. Members of the House of Commons belong to different political parties. The government of the country is formed by the party which has the greatest number of members elected to Parliament.
Members of Parliament (MPs) sit in the chair stalls facing each other with the
Speaker's chair on a dais. The Speaker is in charge of the debates and keeping order. MPs make a bow in the direction of the Speaker upon entering or leaving the chamber It is a gesture of respect from the days when ;m altar stood there. On the woven carpet which covers the floor there is a red line. While addressing the house, should a member accidentally put a fool across this red line, he is at once greeted with cries, of, "Order, order."
The day's work in the House of Commons be gins with prayers, which visitors are not permitted to witness. The great mace, a symbol of the author­ity of the House of Commons, is placed on the ta­ble facing the Speaker. The house is then in session and its daily work begins. At the end of the day's session, the Speaker or the Speaker's deputy de­clares, "This house now stands adjourned." The lan­tern above Big Ben is extinguished. As a reminder of the days when London streets were unsafe at night and the MPs went to their homes in groups, West­minster police still cry out loudly in the corridors of the house, "Who goes home?"
Each session of Parliament is usually opened in the House of Lords by the queen or king, who is attended by heralds and officers. The members of the House of Lords are not elected by the popula­tion. The members sit comfortably on their red leath­er benches while the queen reads the throne speech. Before the throne in the House of Lords, and divi­ding the benches, is the woolsack, upon which the Lord Chancellor sits as the Speaker of the House. The woolsack is stuffed with wool from England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland and from Commonwealth countries. It is a bag of wool which symbolizes the wellbeing and richness of the coun­try, because wool has traditionally been a major source of wealth in Britain. Members of Govern­ment and their supporters sit to the right of the throne and those of the Opposition to the left. The bishops always sit on the Government side. The House of Lords has very little real power to make laws in modern day England.