Ingliz tili fanidan umumiy Grammatika bo`yicha qo`llanma. Bu qo`llanma ustozlarim Nuriddin Murodov hamda Akbar Ruziyev lar bergan bilimlari va yozdirgan konspektlari asosida tuzdim

Signal so`zlar

Now, at the moment, at present, here, these days, nowadays-bu signallar to be fe’li va asosiy fe’li o`rtasida keladi. Sh! Look! Stop! Be quick! Harry! Keep silence! Bular esa gapni boshlab beradi.

Ingliz tilida hissiyot fe’llari PRESENT CONTINOUS zamonida ishlatilmaydi.

See-ko`rmoq	Look like- o`xshamoq	Measure-o`lchamoq	Advise-maslahat bermoq
Watch-kuzatmoq	Hate-nafratlanmoq	Think-o`ylamoq	Suffer-a`ziyat chekmoq
Feel-his qilmoq	Remember-eslamoq	Mean-e’tiroz bildirmoq	Need-muhtoj bo`lmoq
Observe-kuzatmoq	Relax-rohatlanmoq	Mind- e’tiroz bildirmoq	Miss-sog`inmoq
Fit-mos kelmoq	Enjoy-rohatlanmoq	Know-bilmoq	Respect-hurmat qilmoq
Forget-unutmoq	Belive-ishonmoq	Have-bor	Envy-rashk qilmoq
Find-topmoq	Refer-nazarda tutmoq	Guess-taxmin qilmoq	Fear-qo`rqmoq
Cost-narxlamoq	Consider-deb hisoblamoq	Promise-vada bermoq	Glance-qaramoq
Inform-ma’lumot bermoq	Smeel-hidlamoq	Encourage-ruhlantirmoq	Yuqoridagi fe’llarni davomiy zamonda ham ishlatsa bo`ladi. Ya’ni bir nechta istisnolari bor.
Include-o`z ichiga olmoq	Taste-ta’tib ko`rmoq	Persuade-ko`ndirmoq
Imagine-tasavvur qilmoq	Consist-…dan iborat bo`lmoq	Love-yoqtirmoq
Hope-umid qilmoq	Prefer-afzal ko`rmoq	Adore-yoqtirmoq
Like-yoqtirmoq	Want-xohlamoq	Depend- bog`liq qilmoq
Dislike-yoqtirmaslik	Appear-ko`rinmoq	Admire-orzu qilmoq
Look-ko`rinish	Understand-tushunmoq	Suppose-taxmin qilmoq

1.See-ko`rmoq/Seeing-uchratmoq

2.Think-fikrimcha/Thinking-o`ylamoq

3.Have-bor/Having-iboralar bilan kelganda

4.Look-ko`rinmoq/Looking-predloglar bilan kelganda

5.Taste-ta’m bilish/Tasting-ta’tib ko`rmoq

6.Smeel-hidlamoq/smeeling-hid taratmoq

7.Measure-o`lchamoq/measuring-razmerni o`lchash

8.feel-hidlamoq/feeling-hid taratmoq

9.consider-deb hisoblamoq/considering-o`ylamoq.

Always Currently Constantly Continually Forever

Bu so`zlar NUQUL/QACHONQARAMA

Degan ma’no beradi

{S+am/is/are+ still + V_ing}- Haliyam

{S+am/is/are+ just + V_ing}- Shunchaki(prosta)

3.PAST SIMPLE TENSE. (O`tgan zamon)

1) Darak gap-{ S+V_(ed)+N } I worked.

2) Inkor gap-{ S+ Didn’t + V₁+N} I did’t work.

3) So`roq gap-{ Did + S+V₁+N} Did you work?

Signal so`zlar

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, that day, those day, then, just now,the other day, the at day, in 1990 Last day/week/month/year, Days/weeks/month/years AGO.

4. PAST CONTINOUS TENSE. ( O`tgan davomiy zamon ) (-yotgan edi)

O`tgan davomiy zamon- o`tgan zamonda ma’lum bir vaqt oralig`ida davom etgan ish – harakatni ifodalaydi. O`zbek tilida

(-yotgan edi) deb tarjima qilinadi. Biz bu zamon formulalarida to be fe’li va V_ing bilan ishlatiladi.

1) Darak-{S+ was/were + V_ing} I was working.

2) Inkor-{S+ was/were not+ V_ing} I was not working.

3) So`roq-{Was/were +S+ V<sub>ing</sub>} Were you working?
Signal so`zlar

at this time yesterday, at 2 o`clock yesterday, from 2 to 4 yesterday,between 2 and 5 o`clock, at noon yesterday

Qoidalar

1.Ketma-ket sodir bo`lgan ish harakatlar-PAST SIMPLE zamonida

2. Ko`rish, sezish, hissiyot fe’llari PAST SIMPLEda tarjima qilinadi.

Past simple-PS (…dim)

Past continous – PC (…yotgan edi)

When PS,PS PS When PS While he was coming, I was going.

When PS,PC PS While PC I came while he was working.

While PC,PC PC While PC

While PC,PS PC When PS

Kelasi zamon mundarijasi 1. Present simple for future 2. Present Continuous for Future 3.Going to 4.Future simple 5.Future continous

5. PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE

Jadvallar bilan bog`liq ish harakatlar ifodalanadi. Jadvallar: dars jadvallari, transport jadvallari va TV programlar. PRESENT SIMPLE zamonidagi formula bilan ishlatilinadi. Lekin bu Kelajak zamonlarning o`zini formulalari bor va shu formulalar ishlatiladi. Ya’ni formulasi bir xil bo`lsa ham signallari butkul farq qiladi. Ular quyidagilar:

Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day/week/month/year, in 2020, soon, one day

Afishalar, kalendarlar, jadvallar bilan bog`liq ish harakatlar PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE zamonida qo`llaniladi va ular bilan quyidagi fe’llar bilan ishlatiladi.

Masalan: begin, star, finish, end, stop, arrive, return, leave, sail. The bus leaves at 7 tomorrow.

1) Darak gap-{ S+V_(S)+tomorrow } I work bank tomorrow.

2) Inkor gap-{ S+ Don’t/Doesn’t + V₁+tomorrow} I don’t work tomorrow

3) So`roq gap-{ Do/Does + S+V₁+tomorrow} Do you work tomorrow?
6. PRESENT CONTINOUS FOR FUTURE

Bu zamon yaqin kelajakda sodir bo`ladigan va kelishilgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Bu zamon xuddi PRESENT CONTINOUS zamoniga o`xshab yasalsada, Kelajak zamon signal so`zlari ishlatiladi.

1) Darak-{S+ am/is/are + V_ing} I am working tomorrow.

2) Inkor-{S+ am/is/are not+ V_ing} I am not working tomorrow.

3) So`roq-{am/is/are +S+ V_ing} Are you working tomorrow?

My friend Muhammadqodir is getting married next week.

7. “ to be Going to“ (moqchi)