Information technology

Data transmission[
This is what a IBM card storage warehouse located in Alexandria, Virginia in 1959. This is where the government kept storage of punched cards.

Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception.^[33] It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting, in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications, with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels.^[22]

XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s,^[34] particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP,^[29] describing "data-in-transit rather than ... data-at-rest".^[34]