Industry of Uzbekistan4

Specialty equipment: DIGITAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
A digital computer is a device for performing mathematical operations with numbers
expressed in the form of digits. Such devices stem from abacus. The modern electronic digital
computer is, of course, the most highly developed and useful device in comparison with Pascal's
and Leibnitz's.
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator completed in 1946 represented a
considerable advance in computing building technology, since it was entirely electronic in its
internal operation.
The first theoretical advance of computer design resulted from the work of John von
Neumann. Neumann studied the logical design of computing machines and gave a machine the
ability to change and modify its instructions. Large-scale computers are made of internal
memories that may contain 10-12 million "cores", each capable of storing one unit of
information. The modern machine is more often called a computing system.
An electronic computer is a device that can not only accept information, store it,
process it, and present the results of the processing in some acceptable form but to process the
information by instructions which are stored in coded form inside the computer. The coded
instructions are called a programme. We therefore speak of a computer as an internally stores
programme device.
Any computer or calculator contains for five main functions: input,
storage, arithmetic control, and output. The whole range of operations from input of data to
output of results is called "Data processing". Data processing involves files of some type. File
information may be recordedwith the help of paper forms, perforated paper tape, punched cards,
photographic film, magnetic tape, and magnetic disk.