24
Electric Vehicles for Smarter Cities: The Future of Energy and Mobility
b. San Francisco Bay Area
California’s San Francisco Bay Area profile has high levels of
personal-use vehicles and an energy mix with considerable
solar generation.
Develop charging stations integrated into the local energy
system with dynamic pricing
Renewables represent about a third of the electricity
generated in the state of California and are set to increase in
the future, primarily through solar and wind generation. The
electrification of transport could add existing challenges to
the “duck curve” (the temporary imbalance between peak
demand and renewable energy production, for instance, the
peak generation is in the middle of the day in California while
the peak demand occurs after sunset) as current charging
patterns would create an additional disconnection between
electricity supply and demand. Clear, automatic and real-time
pricing signals are critical so customers charge at the optimal
time, flattening the load curve. It would also help reducing
the curtailment of renewables by encouraging charging in the
middle of the day to capture excess solar production.
Build mobility charging hubs where there is low demand
during the day
The region should work with electricity network operators to
identify locations with a low load during the day in addition
to available circuit and substation capacity, to plan and
deploy mobility hubs. These should be located primarily at
the outskirts of cities, in parking stations at destination points
and along highways. Planning should anticipate the evolution
of mobility patterns to avoid potential stranded stations in
downtown streets, for instance.
Prioritizing public and private fleets while accelerating AV
integration
Because most of the commuting in the San Francisco Bay
Area takes place in private vehicles, electrification should
prioritize public and private fleets through financial incentives
and public-sector procurement. Mobility patterns are evolving
with the development of mobility-as-a-service. Creating
incentives for shared AVs would help decrease congestion
and offer a fair-priced alternative for commuters not
connected to the public transport system. The optimization of
charging patterns could minimize the cost of charging and its
impact on the energy system.
Figure 17: Synthesis of San Francisco Bay Area’s local factors
24
Electric Vehicles for Smarter Cities: The Future of Energy and Mobility
b. San Francisco Bay Area, solar-powered
sprawling city
California’s San Francisco Bay Area has a different profile,
mainly due to its energy system and mobility patterns.
Develop charging stations integrated into the local energy
system with dynamic pricing
Renewables represent about a third of the electricity
generated in the state of California and are set to increase in
the future, primarily through solar and wind generation. The
electrification of transport could add existing challenges to
the “duck curve” as current charging patterns would create
an additional disconnection between electricity supply and
demand. Clear, automatic and real-time pricing signals
are critical to engage with customers in optimizing vehicle
charging, flattening the load curve. It would also help reducing
the curtailment of renewables by encouraging charging in the
middle of the day to capture excess solar production.
Build mobility charging hubs where there is low demand
during the day
The region should work with electricity network operators to
identify locations with a low load during the day in addition
to available circuit and substation capacity, to plan and
deploy mobility hubs. These should be located primarily at
the outskirts of cities, in parking stations at destination points
and along highways. Planning should anticipate the evolution
of mobility patterns to avoid potential stranded stations in
downtown streets, for instance.
Prioritizing public and private fleets while pushing for AV
integration
Because most of the commuting in the San Francisco Bay
Area takes place in private vehicles, electrification should
prioritize public and private fleets through financial incentives
and public-sector procurement. Mobility patterns are evolving
with the development of mobility-as-a-service. Creating
incentives for shared AVs would help decrease congestion
in and around the city and offer a fair-priced alternative for
commuters not connected to the public transport system.
The optimization of charging patterns could minimize the cost
of charging and its influence on the energy system.
Figure 17: Synthesis of San Francisco Bay Area’s local factors
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