Independent work: choice, necessity, and the gig economy



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Independent-Work-Choice-necessity-and-the-gig-economy-Full-report

Key survey highlights
1
+40%
MGI's survey shows that the independent workforce 
is larger than government statistics indicate
% of total working-age population; million
2.2 million
people engaged in independent work
2
Supplemental
independent workers
Primary
independent
workers
37%
(3.0M)
35%
(2.8M)
15%
(1.2M)
13%
(1.0M)
Total
working-age
population =
8M
Individuals 
not earning 
income
Traditional workers
Size of non-earning population is lower than government 
statistics  as the data above capture

One year of income history

Many sources of income that may be in informal economy
Independent workers report higher satisfaction 
than traditional workers
Many workers aspire to be independent 
in their primary job
1 McKinsey Global Institute survey of six countries (United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, France, and Spain) in June 2016 with 8,131 records.
2 An independent earner is someone who chooses how much and when to work, moves between jobs fluidly, and typically has multiple employers, 
assignments, or clients over the course of a year. They can include the self

employed, independent contractors, freelancers, business owners, and temporary 
workers (including those assigned through temporary staffing agencies).
NOTE: Numbers may not sum due to rounding. 
SOURCE: McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Supplemental


126
McKinsey Global Institute
Appendix: Technical notes 
Last 5 years
Grew
Relatively 
flat
Fell
4.2 million
self-employed workers
% of working-age population
6%
8%
Compared to
4.7 million
temporary workers
% of working-age population
7%
6%
Compared to
2.0 million
workers with multiple jobs
% of working-age population
3%
2%
Compared to
GERMANY

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