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Peer assessment When learners give their opinions on each other’s language or work. See self-assessment.
	Performance assessment This involves teachers thinking about learners’ classroom performance to assess how well learners communicate during specific tasks by checking learners’ performance against criteria. Teachers can see if learners have achieved the purpose of the task by using the criteria.
	Portfolio assessment This is used for formative assessment and also continuous assessment. It consists of a collection of learners’ work done over a course or a year which shows development of their language and skills.
	Paraprofessional: individual who provides direct support to a child, teacher, or other school professional and who works only under the direct supervision of qualified personnel. Not required to meet the highly qualified teacher standards in NCLB.
	Parent: Biological or adoptive parent, educational surrogate parent, or guardian, but not the state if the state has guardianship over the child. When a student becomes an “adult student” all of the rights of the parent transfer to that student.