CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1:
NUTRITION-PHYSICAL ACTIVITY JAMES HAS BEEN GAINING WEIGHT OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS IN HIS
GROUP HOME AND HIS DOCTOR HAS SAID THAT HE NEEDS TO EXERCISE MORE OR HE WILL BECOME
OBESE. JAMES IS 62, A LARGE MAN WEIGHING AROUND 200 POUNDS, WHO REALLY DOESN'T WANT
TO BE TOLD THAT HE NEEDS TO EXERCISE FOR HIS HEALTH. WHEN JAMES FIRST CAME TO THE GROUP
HOME HE WAS MUCH MORE ACTIVE THAN CURRENTLY. HE WOULD GO FOR WALKS IN SUNRISE PARK
BY HIMSELF WHEN THE WEATHER WAS GOOD AND HE SEEMED TO ENJOY THAT. HE ALSO BOWLED
EVERY WEEK WITH THE OTHER MEN IN THE GROUP HOME AND WAS VERY GOOD AT IT. A YEAR LATER
JAMES CLIMBED MT. CLEMONS WITH ONE OF THE STAFF. UNFORTUNATELY, THE STAFF PERSON LEFT HIS
JOB AT THE GROUP HOME ABOUT THREE MONTHS LATER AND NO ONE ELSE WAS INTERESTED IN
TAKING HIM HIKING. HE WORKED OUT AT THE YMCA FOR A PERIOD OF TIME BUT HE DIDN'T FIND
OTHER PEOPLE TO WORKOUT WITH HIM AND HE QUIT. WE THINK THAT JAMES STARTED EATING MORE
FOOD WITHIN THE NEXT YEAR AS HE STARTED TO GAIN WEIGHT.
Case Study 2:
Nutrition Ms. Mellon is a 43year old woman who has lived in a Residential Habilitation
Center from age 11 to 40. For the last three years she has been in a Tenant Support
Program. This past year staff noticed that she had begun to lose weight. This became a
concern because she had always been rather slender. Staff had encouraged her to eat
more and had routinely prepared the foods she liked the most. Still, she was losing weight
and was about 15 pounds below her ideal weight. At a staff meeting to discuss Ms. Mellon's
food consumption, it was discovered that she was generally eating breakfast but not lunch or
dinner. While lunches and dinners were always made and served to her, she often dumped
the food in the garbage when staff members were not present. She also was not drinking
much water and staff wondered if this was part of the problem. Because Ms. Mellon did not
talk, staff could not find out why she wasn't eating more than breakfast. Staff decided to
use the "Determine Your Nutritional Health Checklist" to see if she was at nutritional risk and
Ms Mellon had a total score of 11 points (high nutritional risk). It also was becoming clear
that Ms. Mellon was more lethargic and was sometimes disoriented to time and place.
Case Study 3:
Nutrition-Physical Activity Carlton is 55 years old and about 30 pounds over weight.
As a younger man he hiked with his father and brother, which he enjoyed very much.
Unfortunately his father died several years ago and his brother moved away after
he married. Carlton was able to move into half of a two-bedroom apartment. He
generally liked people and was always talking about wanting to go hiking again.
When a new support person started working, Carlton started telling him how much
he wanted to go on some hikes. Rob, the new support person, agreed to take him on
a hike but only if Carlton could get into better shape. He also told him that it might
take a few months, even if Carlton was really excited. Rob knew that he had to get
into shape also. _______________________________
Balance Diet
A diet is said to be balanced when it contains all the
necessary nutrients required for the body metabolism
(Adebayo, 2013). It must be able to provide heat and
energy, contain the necessary nutrients to build and
repair the worn out tissues and supply nutrients to
regulate the body process.
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Malnutrition has three sub-classes which are the roots of malnutrition in the diet as stated
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earlier. These are:
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Under nutrition: This occurs when there is not enough nutrients in the food consumed
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which results to body weakness especially in children and so they have low or no
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immunity to infections.
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Over Nutrition: This is the result of over eating. It happens when an individual is over
nourished when one eats much of wrong food,ill also causes this problem. Over-weight
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people become ill easily, get older than the age and obesced if care is not taken.
Deficiency of Improper Assimilation of Food
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Inadequate food or deficiency in the diet may be caused by the following
factors:
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Bad eating habits
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Economic inability to buy a variety of foods
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Increased activity of the body metabolism due to sudden individuals
increased activity
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or responsibilities at places of work.
Major Causes of Malnutrition
NUTRITION INDUCED DEFICIENCIES
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An under or over nourished diet has a tremendous bearing on a person's vitality, health,
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emotional stability and enthusiasm for life. Both under and well-nourished individuals reflects
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from personal appearances.
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Some of these deficiencies are as follow:
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Marasmus which is caused by insufficient food
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Kwashiorkor is caused by insufficient protein intake
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Anemia is an impoverished condition of the blood.
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Good nutrition helps to alleviate the
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condition.
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Goiter: Is a shortage of iodine causing the thyroid gland to swell
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Beriberi which is caused by thiamine deficiency
USES OF NUTRITION IN ALLEVIATING NUTRITION INDUCED DEFICIENCIES
CARBOHYDRATES:
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This is broken down by the body to release heat and energy.
It helps in complete oxidation of fats and oils in the body.
Sugar and starch give tastes and flavor to foods. Dietary
fiber helps to absorb and hold water aiding intestinal
elimination of stool. Protein Completed protein contains all
the essential amino acids and in turn is useful for promoting
growth and repair of muscles and tissues in the body, in
helping the formation of enzymes, hormones and antibodies,
in maintaining water balance and responsible for the
transmission of the dietary characteristics from parents to the
off springs. Food Sources: Milk, fish, legumes, meat, egg,
poultry, beans, Excess protein leads to obesity.
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Fat and Oil This is an inevitable nutrient in the body which
maintains constant body temperature, acts as lubricant and
more satisfying than others, facilitates the absorption of
vitamin A, D, E & K.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS AFFECTING
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEOPLE
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In controlling nutritional deficiencies, there are some factors that determine
individuals eating habit.
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These Factors are:
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Cultural Factors
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This is the way of life of a group of people usually of one nationality or from a
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