Ilova 1
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA KOMMUNIKATSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI
TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI
“Energiya ta’minlash tizimlari” kafedrasi
“Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlashtirish”
fanidan
AMALIYOT
TOPSHIRIQ № 3
Bajardi: ____________________________ ta’lim yo‘nalishi
_____ OEL-023-2_____ guruh
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talabaning F.I.SH.
Qabul qildi: ass. G.E.Saidova
Toshkent 2019
“Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlashtirish” fandan
№ 3 T O P SH I R I Q (AMALIYOT)
1 - jadval
Mavzu:
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O’lchashning asosiy tushunchalari
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Ishdan maqsad:
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Asosiy tushuncha va ta’riflarni o‘rganish.
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Adabiyotlar:
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1. Isaev R.I., Karimova U.N., Raxmonova G.S. «Metrologiya standartlashtirish va sertifikatlashtirish» darslik. T:. «Aloqachi», 2017, 697b.
2. Toru Yoshizava, Handbook of optical metrology, 2008.
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Vaqti
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10 soat.
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Toshshiriqni bajarish ketma ketligi
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Nazariy savollarga javob berish.
Amaliy topshiriqni bajaring.
Hisobot tayyorlash.
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2 - jadval
№
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Talabalarining F.I.SH.
OEL-023-2
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Variant nomeri
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Nazariy savollar nomeri
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1
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Abdivaitova Dinora
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№ 1.
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1, 27.
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2
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Baxriddinov Uchqun
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№ 2.
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2, 28.
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3
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Dustqobilov Akmal
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№ 3.
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3, 29.
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4
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Fayziyev Farrux
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№ 4.
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4, 30.
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5
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Imomov Eshqul
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№ 5.
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5, 31.
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6
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Istamov Shahzod
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№ 6.
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6, 32.
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7
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Jo‘raxonov Jasurbek
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№ 7.
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7, 33.
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8
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Jo‘rayev O‘rol
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№ 8.
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8, 34.
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9
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Mamadaliyev Shoxruxbek
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№ 9.
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9, 35.
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10
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Maxmudov Jaxongir
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№ 10.
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10, 36.
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11
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Muhammadov Bahriddin
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№ 11.
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11, 37.
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12
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O‘roqov Muzaffar
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№ 12.
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12, 38.
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13
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Otakulov Akhadjon
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№ 13.
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13, 39.
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14
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Qabulov Avazbek
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№ 14.
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14, 40.
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15
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Qosimov Davronbek
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№ 15.
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15, 41.
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16
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Qudratov Shohrux
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№ 16.
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16, 42.
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17
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Qurbonov Bekzod
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№ 17.
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17, 43.
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18
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Rakhimova Dilorom
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№ 18.
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18, 44.
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19
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Ro‘zmatov Dilmurod
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№ 19.
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19, 45.
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20
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Sheralieva Shakhzoda
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№ 20.
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20, 46.
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21
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Shodmonov Eldor
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№ 21.
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21, 47.
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22
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Turg'unov Yaxyobek
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№ 22.
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22, 48.
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23
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Usmonov Shahzod
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№ 23.
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23, 49.
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24
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Utashov Sirojiddi
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№ 24.
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24, 50.
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25
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Xaydarov Ma‘rufjon
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№ 25.
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25, 51.
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26
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Xojayev Asqarbek
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№ 26.
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26, 52.
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I. Nazariy savollar:
O‘lchash asboblarining aniqlik klasslari
Bevosita va bilvosita o'lchovlar: ta'riflar bering, misollar keltiring.
O‘lchash asboblarining asosiy metrologik tavsiflari.
Tizimli xatolik.
O‘lchash asboblarining klassifikatsiyasi.
Qurilmaning asosiy xatoligi.
Analog o‘lchash asboblari, magnitoelektrik, elektromagnit, elektrodinamik o‘lchash asboblari, ularning shartli belgilari.
O‘lchash asboblarining o‘zgartirish funksiyasi.
O‘lchash asboblarining sezgirligi.
O‘lchash asboblarining Sezgirlik ostonasi.
Asbob ko‘rsatishining variatsiyasi.
Asbobning o‘lchash xatoligi.
Asbobning o‘lchash diapazoni.
Elektrodinamik o‘lchash asbobining tuzilshi va xossalari.
Asbobning xususiy energiya sarfi.
Asbobning Ishonchliligi (chidamliligi).
Elektromexanik turdagi analogli o‘lchash asboblari.
Anolog o‘lchash asboblarining strukturaviy sxemasi.
Asbob qo‘zg‘aluvchan qismining turg‘un burilish holatiga aylantiruvchi va aks ta’sir etuvchi momentlarning ta’siri.
Magnitoelektrik o‘lchash asboblari.
Magnitoelektrik o‘lchash asbobining tuzilish sxemasi va xossalari.
Elektromagnit o‘lchash asbobining tuzilish sxemasi va xossalari.
O‘lchash vositalarining umumiy shartli belgilari.
Raqamli o‘lchash asboblari, o‘lchash o‘zgartkichlari.
Raqamli o‘lchash asbobining funksional chizmasini chizin va tushuntirib bering.
O‘lchov asboblarining aniqlik sinfi nimani ko‘rsatadi?
O‘lchashni qanday tushunasiz? Qanaqa o‘lchashlarni bilasiz?
O'lchash vositalarining ko'rsatishlaridagi xatoliklarni aniqlash va namunaviy o'lchov asboblarining ko'rsatishlariga taqqoslash qanday jarayon deb ataladi?
O'lchash vositalari qanday nazorat qilinadi?
Xatoliklarni kelib chiqish sabablari nimalardan iborat?
O‘lchash xatoliklarining qanday turlarini bilasiz?
Muntazam xatoliklarni kamaytirishda qanday usullardan foydalanamiz?
Noaniqlikni baholash jarayoni necha bosqichdan iborat?
O‘lchash asbobining aniqlik klassi deganda nimani tushunasiz?
Nechta aniqlik klassi mavjud?
O‘lchash asbobining metrologik tavsifi nimani tushuntirishi mumkin?
O‘lchash asbobining metrologik va texnikaviy tavsiflarining orasidagi tafovut haqida so‘zlab bering.
O‘lchash asboblarining qanday guruhlarini bilasiz?
Turli tizimda ishlaydigan analog o‘lchash asboblarining afzallik va kamchilik tomonlarini tushuntirib bering.
Elektr zanjiridagi tok kuchining qiymati 50 A. Uni o‘lchash uchun qanday asbobdan foydalanish mumkin?
O‘lchash asbobining sezgirligi deganda nimani tushunasiz?
O‘lchash asbobining sezgirligini oshirish uchun qaysi parametrlarga e’tibor berish lozim bo‘ladi?
O‘lchash asboblaridagi shartli belgilar nima uchun kerak?
Raqamli o‘lchash asboblarda o‘lchash signalini qanday o‘zgartirishlar qilinadi?
Raqamli o‘lchash asboblarining struktura sxemasini chizing va uning ishlashini tushuntiring.
Raqamli va analogli o‘lchash asboblari nima bilan farqlanadi?
Mikroprotsessorli raqamli o‘lchash asboblarining imkoniyatlarini va xususiyatlarini tushuntiring.
Mikroprotsessorli raqamli asboblar analogli asboblarga qaraganda qanday afzalliklarga ega?
O‘lchash o‘zgartkichlarining qanday turlarini bilasiz?
Birlamchi va oraliq o‘lchash o‘zgartkichlari haqida nimalarni bilasiz?
O‘z sohangizga tegishli, zamonaviy o‘lchash tizimlari haqida nimalarni bilasiz?
Zamonaviy o‘lchash tizimlarini qanday tasavvur qilasiz?
1-savolga javob
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2-savolga javob
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II. Amaliy topshiriq
Qurilmaning aniqlik sinfi.
Ruxsat etilgan asosiy mutlaq xatoning chegaralari qo’yidagi formula bilan belgilanadi:
(1)
yoki
(2)
bu erda - ruxsat etilgan mutlaq asosiy xato chegaralari, kirish (chiqish) bo'yicha o'lchangan qiymat birliklarida yoki o'lchov shkalalarida shartli ravishda ifodalangan.
- o'lchov vositalarining kirish (chiqishi) yoki o'lchov bo'yicha hisoblangan shkalalarning soni bo'yicha o'lchangan kattalikning qiymati.
- ga bog'liq bo'lmagan musbat sonlar.
Asoslangan holatlarda ruxsat etilgan mutlaq xatoning chegaralari yanada murakkab formula yoki grafik va jadval shaklida o'rnatiladi.
Ruxsat etilgan asosiy xato chegaralari qo’yidagi formulaga muvofiq belgilanishi kerak.
(3)
bu erda - ruxsat berilgan asosiy xato chegaralari,%.
- (1) formulada belgilangan ruxsat etilgan mutlaq asosiy xatoning chegaralari.
- bilan bir xil birliklarda ifodalangan meyorlashtirilgan qiymat.
- (4) qatordan tanlangan mavhum musbat son.
(4)
bu erda
Qavslar ichida ko'rsatilgan qiymatlar qayta ishlab chiqilayotgan o'lchov vositalari uchun o'rnatilmaydi.
Ko'pgina o'lchov asboblari uchun ning meyoriy qiymati (5) formula bo'yicha aniqlanadi.
(5)
bu erda , - o'lchov vositasi shkalasining yuqori va pastki chegarasi.
Ruxsat etilgan nisbiy asosiy xatoning chegaralari (6) formula bilan aniqlanadi.
(6)
agar ∆ (1) - formula yoki (7) - formula orqali belgilangan bo'lsa
(7)
bu erda – (4) qatordan tanlangan mavhum musbat raqam (4). - o'lchov chegaralaridan kattaroq (modul). – (4) qatordan tanlangan musbat raqamlar.
(8)
(9)
Mutlaq (nisbiy) xatolar shaklida ifodalangan ruxsat etilgan xatolarning chegaralari ma'lum bir turdagi o'lchash vositalarining xato chegaralarining o'zgarishi xarakteriga (kirish (chiqish) signalining o'lchov diapazonida) qarab quyidagi usullardan biri bilan aniqlanadi:
- (3) formulaga muvofiq, agar mutlaq xatolar chegaralari amalda o'zgarmagan bo'lsa;
- (6) formulaga muvofiq, agar nisbiy xatolar chegaralari amalda o'zgarmagan bo'lsa;
- (2) yoki (7) formulalar bo'yicha, agar mutlaq xatolar chegaralari deyarli chiziqli o'zgarishi mumkin bo'lsa;
- (3) formulaga muvofiq, agar berilgan xatolar chegaralari deyarli doimiy bo'lib qolsa;
- funktsiya, grafik yoki jadval ko'rinishida - agar xato chiziqlari o'zgarmas deb qabul qilinishi kerak bo'lsa.
1-jadvalda qurilish qoidasi, hujjatlardagi va o'lchash vositalarida aniqlik sinflarini belgilash namunalari keltirilgan.
1-jadval
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