Ilova 1 O‘zbekiston respublikasi axborot texnologiyalari va kommunikatsiyalarini rivojlantirish vazirligi

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multiplikativ xatolikni oshishiga olib keladi (1.1, a - rasm). O‘lchangan qiymatning har qanday qiymati uchun doimiy bo‘lib qoladigan xatolik additiv xato deyiladi (1.1, b - rasm). O‘lchanadigan qiymatning qiymatini oshirish va kamaytirish orqali olingan o‘lchov vositasining ko‘rsatkichlaridagi farqi gisterezis xatoligi deyiladi (1.1, g - rasm). Gisterezis xatoligi variatsiya o‘zgaruvchanligi bilan tavsiflanadi.

1.1 – rasm. O‘lchov vositalarining xatoliklari.

a-multiplikativ xatolik; b-additiv xatolik; g- gisterezis xatolik; 1- kalibrlash xarakteristikasi; 2-haqiqiy statik xarakteristikasi; 3-o‘lchov qiymatini oshirish orqali olingan xarakteristikasi; 4- o‘lchov qiymatini pasaytirish orqali olingan xarakteristikasi.
O‘lchov asbobining variatsiyasi. Tashqi muhit o‘zgarmagan sharoitda bir xil kattalik o‘lchangandagi asbob ko‘rsatishlarining farqiga asbob ko‘rsatishining variatsiyasi deyiladi.

Xatoliklar kelib chiqish sharoitlariga qarab asosiy va qo‘shimcha xatoliklarga bo‘linadi.

O‘lchov vositasinig shkalasini bo‘linishini baholash – shkalaning ikkita qo‘shni shklalalarga mos keladigan qiymatlar orasidagi farqni anglatadi. O‘lchov vositasinig shkalasini bo‘linishini baholash qo‘yidagi formula orqali aniqlanadi.

(1.4)

bu erda –shkalaning bo‘linish soni.

O‘lchov vositasining aniqlik sinfi deb o‘lchov vositasining eng katta ruxsat etilgan asosiy va qo‘shimcha xatoliklar bilan hamda aniqlikka ta’sir etadigan va qiymatlari tegishli standartlarda belgilangan boshqa xususiyatlar ifodalanadigan umumlashtirilgan tavsifga aytiladi. Texnik o‘lchash asboblari uchun aniqlik sinfi ko‘pincha ruxsat etilgan asosiy keltirilgan xatolikning chegarasiga teng ravishda qabul qilinadi va foizlarda ifodalanadi:

(1.5)

bu erda ruxsat etilgan asosiy mutlaq xatoning chegarasi.

Ruxsat etilgan asosiy mutlaq xato chegarasi o'lchanadigan qiymat birligida ifodalanadi va quyidagi formula bilan aniqlanadi.

. (1.6)

V_dopning ruxsat etilgan o'zgarishi chegarasi quyidagicha normallashtiriladi:

(1.7)

O'lchov vositalarini kalibrlash - o'lchov vositalarining metrologik xususiyatlarining belgilangan texnik talablarga muvofiqligini aniqlash va tasdiqlash uchun davlat metrologiya xizmati organlari tomonidan bajariladigan ishlar majmui hisoblanadi.

Tekshirilgan o'lchash asbobining xatoligi va o'zgaruvchanligining maksimal qiymatlari ruxsat etilgan qiymatlardan oshmasa, o'lchash vositasi xizmat qiladi deb hisoblanadi.

(1.8)

Agar (1.8) shartlarning kamida bittasi bajarilmasa, u holda o'lchash moslamasi keyingi ishlashga yaroqsiz sanaladi va ta'mirlashga topshiriladi.

Shaxsiy topshiriq

1.1-masala.

O‘lchov asbobining ruxsat etilgan nisbiy xatolik chegarasi qo‘yidagi ifoda bilan aniqlanadi:

bu erda s/d - o'lchash moslamasining aniqlik sinfi; - asbobning o'lchash diapazonining oxirgi qiymati; - o'lchanadigan qiymat.

Ruxsat etilgan mutlaq xato chegarasini aniqlang, additiv va multiplikativ tarkibiy qismni tanlang, tarkibiy qismlarning grafigini tuzing .

Shaxsiy topshiriqlar uchun variantlar 1.1-jadvalda keltirilgan.

1.1-jadval

Shaxsiy topshiriqlar uchun variantlar

№ variant	c	d		№ variant	c	d
1.	0,01	0,20	100 mA	14.	0,14	0,37	40 mA
2.	0,02	0,24	20 mV	15.	0,15	0,42	25 mA
3.	0,03	0,21	300 mA	16.	0,16	0,41	450 mA
4.	0,04	0,30	1,5 A	17.	0,17	0,52	60 mV
5.	0,05	0,35	100 Om	18.	0,18	0,31	50 mV
6.	0,06	0,40	25 ⁰C	19.	0,19	0,24	300 mA
7.	0,07	1,00	350 mA	20.	0,20	0,42	600 ⁰C
8.	0,08	0,90	500 mA	21.	0,21	0,18	500 ⁰C
9.	0,09	0,85	2 V	22.	0,22	0,19	100 B
10.	0,10	0,36	30 V	23.	0,23	0,26	21 mV
11.	0,11	0,25	22 mV	24.	0,24	0,27	30 mA
12.	0,12	0,38	90 Om	25.	0,25	0,28	33 mV
13.	0,13	0,41	24 mA	26.	0,27	0,30	1,5 A

1.2-masala.

Harorat o’lchash qurilmasi tekshirishdan o’tkazoldi. Bunday holda mutlaq xatolikning maksimal qiymati , variatsiyaning maksimal qiymati esa - . Asboblarni o'qishlar oralig'i shkalaning pastki va yuqori chegaralari bilan cheklangan, bo'linish bahosi ga teng. Asboblarning aniqligi sinfi ga teng. Agar qurilmaning o'qishlari ga teng bo'lsa, tekis miqyosdagi shkala intervallar sonini - , maksimal nisbiy xatolik va keltirilgann xatolikning qiymatlarini, ruxsat etilgan mutlaq xatolikning qiymatini aniqlang.

Shaxsiy topshiriqlar uchun variantlar 1.2-jadvalda keltirilgan.

1.2-jadval

Shaxsiy topshiriqlar uchun variantlar

№ variant
1.	8,9	5,0	0…600	20	0,50
2.	12,2	6,0	0…800	25	1,50
3.	4,1	1,0	-100…100	10	1,00
4.	2,2	1,0	0…180	20	2,00
5.	1,2	2,1	-50…50	5	2,50
6.	0,8	0,9	-25…25	1	0,50
7.	4,3	3,8	0…100	2	1,50
8.	1,8	0,6	0…200	5	1,50
9.	2,9	0,8	0…300	5	0,50
10.	5,1	1,8	200…500	5	2,00
11.	4,8	2,3	100…600	10	1,50
12.	13,1	2,4	0…1000	25	0,50
13.	2,8	2,7	-25…50	5	0,25
14.	4,1	3,4	-50…100	5	0,50
15.	0,9	0,1	-10…10	0,5	0,25
16.	3,2	0,8	0…400	10	1,00
17.	3,4	0,0	0…200	5	1,50
18.	2,9	0,4	0…150	5	0,50
19.	3,9	0,8	200…600	10	0,50
20.	4,5	1,5	0…800	25	0,25
21.	3,0	1,0	0…350	8	0,50
22.	12,0	5,5	0…750	24	1,50
23.	2,0	1,0	0…150	15	1,50
24.	4,0	3,5	0…100	2	1,00
25.	5,0	1,5	200…400	4	2,00
26.	8,0	5,0	0…500	15	0,50

Javoblar:

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III. Hisobot tayyorlash.

Hisobot tayyorlashda qo‘yidagilarga amal qidinadi:

1. Titul varog‘i (ilova 1 ga qarang).

2. Topshiriq shaklini o‘zgartirilmagan holatda to‘ldirish.

3. Nazariy savollarga javob berish.

4. Amaliy topshiriqni bajarish.

5. Bajarilgan ishlar bo‘yicha xulosa chiqarish. (ilova 2 ga qarang).

6. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar va internet xavolalari ruyhati.

7. Baholash mezoni: №2 topshiriq bali 10 bal.

Kerakli harakatlar ketma-ketligiga rioya qilgan holda ishni to‘liq bajarish	1 ball
Talaba mustaqil mushohada yuritsa berilgan topshiriq mavzularining mohiyatini tushunsa	1 ball
Rasmiylashtirish sifati (tartibliligi, mantiqliligi)	1 ball
Hisob qitoblarda o‘lchov birliklarining mavjudligi	1 ball
Mavzu bo‘yicha maqsad va asosiy tushunchalar va ta’riflarning mavjudligi	1 ball
Variant bo‘yicha vazifani bajarilishi	1 ball
Amaliy ishlarining nazariy himoyasi (talaba mustaqil xulosa va qaror qabul qilsa, ijodiy fikrlay olsa, mustaqil mushohada yuritsa, berilgan topshiriq mavzularining mohiyatini tushunsa, bilsa, ifodalay olsa, aytib bera olsa, hamda topshiriqlar bo‘yicha tasavvurga ega bo‘lsa)	4 ball

Fan bo‘yicha umumiy ballar: jami-70 bal

Ma’ruza: 40 ball –ikkita topshiriqqa 10 baldan jami 20 ball, 20 ball nazorat ishiga (nazorat assisment shaklida o‘tkaziladi).

Amaliyot: 30 ball – 10 baldan 3 ta topshiriq.

10 ball topshiriq: “5” – 9-10; “4” – 7-8,9; “3” – 6-6,9.

2 ilova

Bajarilgan ishlar bo‘yicha xulosa chiqarish.

(xulosa qo‘lda yoziladi)

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Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar va internet xavolalari ruyhati

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