Iii vocabulary notes

III Vocabulary notes

philosopher-scientists	doctrines of the philosophers of the 9th–12th century Islamic world who wrote primarily in Arabic. These doctrines combine Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism with other ideas introduced through Islam.
Islamic world	also called Islamdom, the complex of societies and cultures in which Muslims and their faith have been prevalent and socially dominant.
medieval (adj)	relating to, or characteristic of the Middle Ages
medicine	the practice concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease.
Kitāb al-shifā	(Arabic: “The Book of Healing”)Latin title Sufficientiae, a voluminous philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia by the Muslim philosopher and physician Avicenna.
Aristotelian philosophy	the philosophy of Aristotle and of those later philosophical movements based on his thought.
encyclopaedia	Encyclopaedia, also spelled encyclopedia, reference work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner.
The Canon of Medicine	the most famous books in the history of medicine. Written by Avicenna.
history of medicine	the development of the prevention and treatment of disease from prehistoric and ancient times to the 21st century.
intellectual	developed or chiefly guided by the intellect rather than by emotion or experience.
Al-Kindī	the first outstanding Islamic philosopher, known as “the philosopher of the Arabs.”
al-Fārābī	Muslim philosopher, one of the preeminent thinkers of medieval Islam.
metaphysics	branch of philosophy whose topics in antiquity and the Middle Ages were the first causes of things and the nature of being.
Iran	a mountainous, arid, and ethnically diverse country of southwestern Asia.
Qurʾān	the sacred scripture of Islam.
logic	the study of correct reasoning, especially as it involves the drawing of inferences.
discipline	control gained by enforcing obedience or order.
Bukhara	city, south-central Uzbekistan
fortuitous(adj)	occurring by chance
benevolence	disposition to do good
cornucopia(n)	horn of plenty
science	any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation.
extant(adj)	still existing : not destroyed or lost.
Prodigious(adj)	causing amazement or wonde
mathematics	the science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects.
astronomy	science that encompasses the study of all extraterrestrial objects and phenomena
metaphysics(n)	a division of philosophy that is concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being and that includes ontology, cosmology, and often epistemology
philology	traditionally, the study of the history of language, including the historical study of literary texts.
Eṣfahān	also spelled Isfahan, capital of Eṣfahān province and major city of western Iran.
halcyon(adj)	characterized by happiness, great success, and prosperity.
salubrious(adj)	favorable to or promoting health or well-being.
colic	pain produced by the contraction of the muscular walls of any hollow organ, such as the renal pelvis, the biliary tract, or the gastrointestinal tract, of which the aperture has become more or less blocked, temporarily or otherwise.
self-administered(v)	to administer (something, such as a drug) to oneself
celery-seed(n)	minute seedlike fruits of a widely cultivated celery plant (Apium graveolens) that are dried for use as a condiment
Enemas(n)	the injection of liquid into the rectum and colon by way of the anus
opium	narcotic drug that is obtained from the unripe seedpods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), a plant of the family Papaveraceae.
Mithradates VI Eupator	king of Pontus
Pontus	ancient district, Turkey, ancient district in northeastern Anatolia adjoining the Black Sea.
indefatigable(adj)	incapable of being fatigued : UNTIRING
Hamadan	west-central Iran.
Ramadan	the ninth month of the Muslim calendar and the holy month of fasting. I

Grammar. Adjectives and advervbs.
Ex 1. Complete the email with the words and phrases in the box. Be careful, only one of the phrases in each pair is correct.

Listen and check.2/40
Red big / big red quite old / a quite old old wooden / wooden old (really good)/ good really rather expensive / a quite expensive very / a bit tourist nice / nice tourist pretty late / late pretty lovely large / large lovely
News from Kyoto.
Hi Jardi

Today is our third day in Kyoto. Yesterday the weather was(0) really good so we took a (1) ……………………… trip to a place called Ginkakuji, just outside the сity. The place is amazing and has (2) ………………….. gardens and a waterfall. The garden is (3) ……………………. – it was built in 1460 by one of the Shoguns. There are lots of beautiful (4) …………………….. buildings and ponds full of (5) …………………… fish. It’s (6) …………….. peaceful. It was (7) …………. To get in, but then everything is expensive in Japan! It was (8) …………………. When I got back to the hotel, so I didn’t have time to send you an email.