can be tested.
these changes are difficult to incorporate into existing networks.
that it can handle future data packets in the same manner [21].
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2) Rural Connections: SDN simplifies complex data center
and enterprise networks; it can further be utilized to simplify
rural Wi-Fi networks. The main issues with rural environments
include sparse populations, small profit margins and resource
constraints, and others. SDN is beneficial because it separates
the construction of the network and the configuration of the
network by placing the control/management functionality into
the central controller. This separation enables the rural infras-
tructure deployment business (which must be done locally in
rural areas) and the Internet Service Provider (ISP) business
(which is typically done remotely in cities) to be completely
separated, i.e., those two businesses are operated by different
entities [31], [32]. Therefore, SDN makes the management of
rural networks much more convenient than traditional network
architecture where the local network devices need customized
control (which means the control of rural devices must be done
in rural areas).
3) Date Centers Upgrading: Data centers are an integral
part of many companies [33]. For example, Google has a
large number of data centers so they can quickly provide
data when requested. Similarly, many other companies utilize
data centers to provide data to clients in a quick and efficient
manner, but data centers are expensive to maintain. OpenFlow
allows companies to save money in setting up and configuring
networks since it allows switches to be managed from a central
location [34].
Oftentimes, data center networks utilize proprietary archi-
tectures and topologies, which creates issues when merging
different networks together; however there is often a need to
merge two divergent networks. SDN brings a solution to this
issue. In [33] the authors propose that a network infrastructure
service based on OpenFlow be utilized to connect data center
networks. They further state that these interconnected data
center networks could solve problems with small latency by
moving workload to underutilized networks. If a network is
busy at a certain time of day, the workload might be able to
be completed sooner in a network of a different time zone or in
a network that is more energy efficient.
In [34] a data center model is created with a large number
of nodes to test performance, throughput and bandwidth. The
model included 192 nodes with 4 regular switches and 2 core
switches with an OpenFlow controller. There was a firewall
between the core switches, OpenFlow controller and the router.
The authors also utilized an application called Mininet to pro-
totype their network and test the performance. Mininet allows
researchers to customize a SDN using OpenFlow protocols.
Further, they utilized several tools to analyze their network
setup including Iperf, Ping, PingAll, PingPair, and CBench.
These tools allow people to check the possible bandwidth, con-
nectivity, and the speed in which flows can be changed, respec-
tively. Wireshark was also used to view traffic in the network.
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