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see Loan words Bound forms 77, 80
Boundary cases 102, 103, 121
Canadianism 270
Cliché 179-181
Clipping: see Shortening
Cockney 262, 263
Cognate words 79ff
Colloquial words 145, 245-249
Combinations, phraseological 170, 171 Combining forms 80, 104-106
Combining power 194; see also Valency Complementary distribution 101ff
Componential analysis 41, 57-59 Compounds 78, 108-152
Compound adjectives 125, 126
Compound derivatives: see Derivational
compounds Compound nouns 123-125
Compound verbs 126, 127
Compounds, asyntactic 111
Compounds, endocentric and exocentric
111, 123ff
Compounds, syntactic 111
Connotation and connotative meaning 40-50, 97, 177, 230-238, 251
Contextual analysis 56, 57
Contrastive and contrary notions 209ff
Conversion 18, 153-164
Conversives 73, 209-215
Correlation of oppositions 26, 81, 111 Curtailment 134
Dead suffixes 100
Degradation of meaning: see Pejoration
Demotivation 132
Denotative meaning 40, 47-50
Derivational affixes 77, 87ff
Derivational compounds 127
Derivatives 10, 76ff
Determinant and determinatum 108ff
Diachronic (approach) 10//, 155//, 216
Dialect 262
Dictionaries 272-285
Dictionary, bilingual 272ff
Dictionary, explanatory 272ff
Dictionary, machine-translation 275
Diminutive suffixes 97
Disintegration of polysemy: see Split of polysemy
Distinctive feature 25, 26, 53, 146, 185
Distinctive stress 15, 147, 148
Distribution 13, 101
Doublets, etymological 136, 137, 259 260
Echoism, echo words: see Sound imitation
Elevation: see Amelioration
Ellipsis 139ff
Emotional tone (colouring, connotation, component, force) 43, 44, 233ff, 437; see also Connotations
Emotive speech 234
Equivalence 23
Equonym 197
Etymology 10, 15, 79
294
Euphemism 75, 207 Evaluative connotation 48
False etymology 131
Form words 18, 187, 222-223
Formatives, inner 89
Formatives, outer 77-89
Free forms 77ff, 129, 131
Functional affixes 87-90
Functional change: see Conversion
Functional styles 240-250
Fusions or portmanteau words: see
Blends
Fusion phraseological 170 Fuzzy sets 6, 21, 26
Generic terms 39, 63, 196 Generalisation 62-63 Glossary 274
Historism 220
Holophrasis 122ff
Homograph 185
Homonyms and homonymy 154ff, 182-194
Homonymy, patterned 155ff, 183ff, 191 Homophone 154, 184ff
Hybrids 106, 107
Hyperbole 69
Hyperonymy 196, 197
Hyponym 196, 197, 226-229
Ideographic groups 226, 227 Ideolect 209
Idioms: see Set expressions Immediate constituents 83-87, 141
Implicational 41, 50
Indivisibility 28
Informal vocabulary 242
Information retrieval 13
Integrity 30, 114 Intensifier 235
Intensifying connotation 49 International words 260, 261
Irony 69
Learned words 243 Lexical group 26 Lexical variants 207, 208 Lexicalisation 18
Lexico-grammatical class or group 224 Lexico-grammatical meaning: see Meaning, lexico-grammatical
Lexico-grammatical variant 51, 52 Lexicography 191-194, 272ff Linguostylistics 240ff
Litotes 69
Loan words 100, 135, 252-259
Marked member of the opposition 242 Meaning, contextual 54
Meaning, denotative 40, 47
Meaning, figurative 52
Meaning, grammatical 39, 99
Meaning, lexical 16, 37ff, 42-47 Meaning, lexico-grammatical 16, 224 Metaphor 64ff
Metonymy 64ff
Morpheme 19, 77-107
Morphemic analysis 81ff
Motivation 33-36, 83, 95
Native words 204ff, 252ff Neologism 134, 216-220 Neutralisation, semantic 196 Non-semantic grouping 238, 239 Nonce usage 55, 245 Nonce words 18 Notion 42-47
Obsolete words 177, 205
Official vocabulary 243
Onomasiological approach 24
Onomasiology 55
Onomatopoeia 148ff
Onomatopoeic words: see Sound imitation
Onomatopoeic stems 129
Oppositions 23, 25, 184ff, 195,215,225, 241
Opposition, basis of 26
Opposition, binary 215, 242
Opposition, equipollent 242
Opposition, lexical 134, 145, 241 Opposition, polydimensional 26 Opposition, privative 215
Opposition, proportional 98 Opposition, synonymic 195
Opposition, theory of 25, 26
Paradigm 156ff
Paradigmatic 24, 201
Paralinguistics 14
Paronyms 207, 208
Patterned homonymy: see Homonymy,
patterned
Patterns, word-building 90-95, 133 Patterns, new word-forming 133 Pejoration 70
Phrasal verbs: see Verbal collocations Phraseology: see Set expressions
Poetic diction 244
Polysemy and polysemantic words 41, 50-57, 182
Polysemy, disintegration of: see Split of polysemy
Positional mobility 29, 30
Pragmalinguistics 14, 47ff, 240
Prefix 13ff, 213
Proper nouns 43, 62, 66-69 Proverbs 179ff
Pseudo-compounds 131
295
Quotation compounds and quotation derivation 122, 123, 129
Quotations, familiar 179-181
Reduplication 129, 130
Referent 31, 32
Register 241ff
Rhyme combinations 130, 131
Roots 77ff, 153ff, 188
Semantic change 60-76
Semantic change, extralinguistic causes of 73-76
Semantic change, linguistic causes of 71-73
Semantic component: see Seme
Semantic field 226, 228, 229
Semantic structure of the Word 10, 42, 50-55
Semantic triangle 31-33
Semasiology 37
Seme 41-59
Semi-affixes 84, 102, 116-118
Semi-fixed combinations 166-167
Set expressions 19, 165-181
Shortened words and shortening 134-145 Simplification of stems 132
Slang 140, 249-251
Sociolinguistics 11, 230, 240
Sound imitation or onomatopoeia 129, 148ff
Sound interchange 145-147
Sound symbolism 130
Specialisation 61, 62
Split of polysemy 188ff
Stem 77ff, 90-95
‘Stone-wall’ problem 118-120
Stress, distinctive 147, 148
Style, functional 240-248 Substantivation 161, 162
Suffixes 77-107, 213
Suppletion, lexical 90, 243
Synchronic (approach) 10ff, 155ff, 216
Syncope 138
Synonymic differentiation 209
Synonymic dominant 196
Synonyms 178, 182ff, 194-209
Synonymy, sources of 203-205
Syntagmatic vs paradigmatic relations 23
System, lexical or vocabulary 10ff, 38, 152, 182ff, 215
System, lexical adaptive 10ff, 21, 216
Technical terms and terminology 229-233 Telescoping and portmanteau words 141 Thematic groups 226ff
Transformations, explanatory 59, 192 Transposition 153, 163
Ultimate constituents 81, 84
Umlaut 146
Understatement: see Litotes Uninterruptability 29, 30
Unities, phraseological 170ff
Valency 24, 90-95, 195, 200
Variants or regional varieties 262ff
Verbal collocations of the ‘give up' type 120, 121, 161, 206
Vowel gradation 146
Vowel mutation 146
Word, definition of 27-31
Word equivalents 9, 20, 167
Word-family 77ff, 222
Word-formation analysis 81ff Word-formation, types of 163
Zero derivation: see Conversion
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