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Read the text and complete the sentences below. Use MAXIMUM THREE words.
NB If more than three words are used, the answer will be marked as INCORRECT.
For years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. But now researchers are finding that games can improve both our body and mind.
Games can help to develop physical skills. Pre-school children who played interactive games have improved motor skills, for example they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. A study of surgeons who do microsurgery in Boston found that those who played video games were 27 per cent faster and made fewer errors than those who didn't.
Games also benefit a variety of brain functions, including decision-making. People who play action-based games make decisions 25 per cent faster than others and are no less accurate, according to one study.
There is also evidence that gaming can help with psychological problems. At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX, and in many cases the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment.
The effects are not always so positive, however. Indiana University researchers found evidence that violent games can alter brain function after as little as a week of play, affecting regions in the brain associated with emotional control and causing more aggressive behaviour in the player.
18 Such skills as kicking, _________________________ a ball can be improved if children play interactive games.
19 Decision-making is a skill that can be developed if people ________________________ games.
20 The game called SPARX helped some young people to have fewer ____________________________________________ .
21 Even after a ____________________________ some brain regions can be affected negatively.
Read the text. First decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) and put a tick () in the correct box. Then identify the sentence in the text which supports your decision. Write the FIRST four-five words of this sentence in the space provided. There may be more than one correct answer; write down only one. The first one (0) has been done for you.
In some parts of the world alternative medicine has grown in popularity. People may prefer it to conventional medicine, even though there is little scientific evidence to confirm its effectiveness.
People turn to alternative practitioners because of high expectations of the right to good health. The idea that a cure for an illness does not exist is an unwelcome one. Most people strongly believe that there must be effective treatment available somewhere, somehow. That is why now it is socially acceptable to look for alternative remedies.
However, the media often negatively influences the public’s view of conventional medicine. For example, newspapers may publish frightening articles about side-effects of a new drug. Moreover, hospitals may be represented as uncaring places where the staff do not do a competent job. As a result, people may consider alternative treatment in the hope that it is safer. Magazines and newspapers may print positive reports on alternative medicine and highlight successful outcomes in individual cases. Little attention is given to the absence of scientific evidence for the particular therapy, the fact that some practitioners may lack necessary qualifications is often ignored by the media.
Thus, the upward trend in the use of alternative medicine can be attributed to the rather unbalanced way health care is sometimes represented by the media.
0 Some people favour conventional medicine over alternative.
22 People dislike the idea that some illnesses may have no cure.
23 Negative attitudes to alternative medicine are evident in the media.
24 There are reports on competent jobs of hospitals in newspapers.
25 Qualified alternative practitioners always show good results.
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Read the text and match the book titles in the left-hand column (26-30) and the sentences in the right-hand column (A-G) which give information about the books. There are more sentences than you need.
Holidays in Japan are unique, spectacular occasions which visitors, as well as locals, can enjoy.
New Year’s Day: Families gather to see in the new year and businesses shut down from January 1 to January 3. People throw bonenkai parties (“forgetting parties”) to symbolize leaving behind last year’s problems and making a fresh start.
Constitution Memorial Day: May 3 marks the Constitution Memorial Day. It celebrates the 1947 Constitution of Japan which came into effect a couple of years after the end of World War II.
Children’s Day: May 5 is celebrated annually in Japan as Children’s Day. It is an ancient celebration which respects the happiness and personalities of children. Families play with traditional toys and eat special types of cakes. The day was originally called Tango no Sekku (Boy’s Day), but was renamed in 1948 by the Japanese government as a day to celebrate the happiness of all children.
Marine Day: Marine Day (also known as Sea Day) takes place on the third Monday of July. In 2021 it was celebrated on July 22, the day before the Olympics opening ceremony. The holiday celebrates the sea and its importance to Japan as it is an island nation. Many local people take advantage of this day to enjoy the beach.
Mountain Day: Mountain Day was celebrated on August 8 in 2021. It is Japan’s newest holiday as it was only introduced in 2014. The day gives people the chance to enjoy Japan’s stunning mountains by going hiking and enjoying other activities.
26 New Year’s Day
27 Constitution Memorial Day
28 Children’s Day
29 Marine Day
30 Mountain Day
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It commemorates the time when the main document was adopted.
In July 2021 some people participated in an important ceremony.
It’s the newest holiday dedicated to children.
People hold parties to mark new beginnings.
The Japanese do walking and rock climbing on that day.
This holiday has been observed since 1948.
The holiday has two names.
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26 ____ 27 ____ 28 ____ 29 ____ 30 ____
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