И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
1. running rails —ходовые рельсы

2. heavy gradients —крутые подъемы

СЛОВА ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
1. way [wei] n путь; способ; in this way таким обра­зом

2. essential [in'senfəl] а важный, существенный

3. attempt [ə'tempt] n попытка; make an attempt делать попытку

4. major ['meidзə] а более важный, главный

5. furnish [fə:nif] v снабжать

6. third (conductor) rail [kən'dΛktə] контактный (токо-проводящий) рельс

7. bring into use вводить в действие

8. take interest (in) проявлять интерес (к)

9. realize ['rəlaiz] и осуществлять, реализовывать

10. advance [əd'va:ns] и делать успехи; развиваться; пуспех, прогресс

11. quarter ['kwכ:tə] n четверть; квартал

12. whole [houl] а целый, весь

13. in spite of [in 'spait əv] prep несмотря на (то, что)

14. relatively ['relətivli] ado относительно

15. valuable ['væljuəbl] а ценный; value ['vælju:] n цен­ность; значение

16. route [ru:t] n трасса, маршрут

17. dense [dens] а плотный, густой; dense traffic напря­женные пер'евозки (движение); density of traffic ['den-siti] напряженность перевозок

18. trunk line [trΛnk] магистральная линия, железнодо­рожная магистраль

19. haulage ['hכ:lidз] п тяга, перевозка

20. chief [tfi:f] а главный

21. operation cost стоимость эксплуатации

22. obtain [əb'tem] и получать, добиваться

23. catenary [kə'tirnəri] n контактная сеть

24. as regards [əz n'gardz] в отношении, что касается

25. rolling stock ['roulig 'stכk] подвижной состав

26. (the) latter ['læstə] а последний (из двух упомянутых); the former первый (из двух упомянутых)

27. either ... or ['aibə כ:] cj или ... или, либо ... либо; neither ... nor ['nəita er:] cj ни ... ни

28. justify ['d3Λstifai] v оправдывать

29. favourable ['feivərəbl] а благоприятный


Запомните формы нестандартного глагола:

bring

brought

brought

приносить, добавлять

УПРАЖЕННИЯ
4. Укажите основные моменты в развитии электри-фской тяги за рубежом и в нашей стране.

5. (а) Скажите, когда применение электрической тяги экономически оправдано; (б) перечислите основные пре­имущества и недостатки электрической тяги; (в) назо­вите два типа электрического подвижного состава.

6. Выберите нужное по форме слово.

1. Due to electric (haul, haulage) the traffic (dense, density) on the line can be increased. 2. The generation of electricity from the sun energy is now quite (realizable, realize, realization). 3. The operation cost of electrified railways is (relatively, relative, relativity) low. 4. After the Great October Socialist Revolution it was decided to (elec­trification, electrify) the heavily-used lines. 5. Electric haulage is particularly (attract, attraction, attractive) in (mountains, mountainous) country. ^:

7. Определите значение слов и словосочетаний из тек­ста по словарю.

search (абз. 1); straddled (абз. 3); set to work (абз. 5); further (абз. 8); again, remain, benefit (абз. 9); namely (абз. 11); beyond, breakdown (абз. 13).

8. Выберите правильный вариант перевода английских

а) essential существенно, существенный, существо

rapidity быстрый, быстро, быстрого

valuable ценный, ценность, оценивать

justify оправдывать, оправдание, оправданный

unfavourable благоприятствовать, неблагоприятный, благоприятный

density плотно, плотность, плотный

б) in this way по этому пути, на этой дороге, таким ^;: образом

in spite of вместо, согласно, несмотря на

major большой, более важный, второстепенный

as regards в отношении, как считают, в соответствии

the latter позднее, письмо, последний (из двух упомянутых)

9. Дайте английские эквиваленты к выделенным словам.

a necessary element of a substation; to supply railways with technical aids; to transmit electric current through the third rail; to put the railway into service; to make a great progress in railway engineering; to put a program­me into practice; heavy traffic; a main line; to convert a railway to electric traction; the principal advantage of electric railways; to get valuable information; to inspect the system of overhead wires.

10. Переведите данные словосочетания, обращая вни­мание на союзы.

both telephone and radio; either the overhead wire or the conductor rail; neither railway nor road transport; the electric as well as the diesel haulage; the higher the den­sity of traffic the shorter the time intervals between trains.

11. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

1. A freight train may be composed ... various types of wagons. 2. Metro trains are furnished ... electric cur­rent by means of the conductor rail. 3. The countries hav­ing limited supplies of natural fuel take great interest . .. developing A-power industry. 4. The pioneer electric rail­way in our country was brought ... use in Azerbaijan.

5. In spite ... a high initial cost the diesel locos are extensively used for both passenger and freight haulage.

6. Due ... rapid acceleration the m-u trains are particu­larly suitable for the lines with frequent stops. 7. Nowa­days many railway substations have been converted,... remote control.

12. Прослушайте текст и передайте его содержание по-русски.

(1) It is a well-known fact that electric trains perform valuable service on trunk lines with dense traffic. But elec­tric haulage is costly because it needs a whale system of electrical substations and either a catenary or a conductor rail. The third rail system is particularly essential for un­derground railways because of a limited space available in tunnels.

(2) The conductor rail system proves quite successful under normal conditions, but a great difficulty arises on open sections. The matter is that under unfavourable win­ter conditions the third rail may be covered with ice and it becomes difficult to transfer electric current from the conductor rail to the train.

(3) To eliminate this difficulty a special equipment was devised which could remove ice. At first this equipment was manually operated. But the process was relatively slow and inefficient.

(4) In recent years, the manually-operated equipment has been converted to semi-automatic working.

13. Переведите предложения с инфинитивом в функ-ций~6пределения.

1. The electric energy to drive trains may be taken from the overhead wire. 2. The major problem to be solved in passenger service is the construction of the vehicles able to run at speeds up to 200-250 kph. 3. The research to be carried out in the laboratory will be aimed at improv­ing the reliability of the existing rolling stock. 4. The conductors to be used for transmitting the electric power to the trains are either the third rail or the overhead wire. 5. The speed to be attained by modern trains is often lim­ited by the conditions of the track. 6. The chief engineer was the first to locate the faulty equipment. 7. The Mos­cow—Mytishchi suburban railway was the second to be electrified in our country.

14. Переведите словосочетания и предложения, обра­щая внимание на неличные формы глагола в функции опре­деления.

а) the measures taken—the measures being taken —the measures to be taken; the voltage lowered — the voltage being lowered — the voltage to be lowered; the attempts made—the attempts being made—the attempts to be made; the project realized — the project to be realized; the railway brought into use—the railway being brought into use — the railway to be brought into use.

б) 1. The line electrified was fed with a high voltage a.c. 2. The railway being electrified will be serviced by m-u trains. 3. The suburban route to be electrified is relatively short. 4. The experiments being made are aimed at choos­ing a more suitable material for the conductor rail. 5. The chief advantages to be obtained from electric haulage are high speeds and cleanliness. 6. A high average speed to be attained by m-u trains makes it possible for suburban rail­ways to carry more passengers. ¹

15. ПроработайШе'^ 39' грамматических пояснений и переведите предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоя-' тельства. '

1. Some railway terminals in big cities must be recon­structed to cope with the constantly increasing flow of pas­sengers. 2. The transformers are used to lower the voltage of the alternating current. 3. To meet the needs of the country in power the A-power plants are being increasingly built. 4. To produce as much electricity as the thermal power stations do the atomic power plants need much less fuel.

16. Укажите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию обстоятельств Переведите предло­жения.

1. То convert a railway to electric haulage a costly reconstruction work is necessary.— To convert a railway to electric haulage will require costly reconstruction work. 2. To realize the project took a long time and needed much research.— To realize the project the scientists spent much time, making numerous experiments. 3. To inform the driver of the location of the train ahead the light signals are fitted in the driving cab. — To inform the driver of the train running ahead is possible due to the light signals fitted on the control panel.

17. Проработайте § 41 грамматических пояснений и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитивные обо­роты с предлогом for.

1. Great efforts were made by the Soviet people for the GOELRO Plan to be realized. 2. For hydro-power stations to be built large rivers are necessary. 3. Highly efficient machines make it possible for the construction cost of rail­way electrification to be lowered. 4. The distance is too long for the train to cover in two hours. 5. For the elec­tric current to flow an electrical conductor is needed. 6. In spite of a high initial cost of electrification it is essential for the major trunk lines to be electrified. 7. Dense traffic is a necessary condition for electric haulage to be economically justified. 8. Due to numerous machines less time is required for the workers to repair the catenary.

18. Найдите в тексте и переведите предложения с ин­финитивом в функции определения (абз. 3, 5, 8, 9).

19. Переведите абэ. 12 текста; обратите внимание на инфинитивные обороты с предлогом for.

20. Переведите текст письменно со словарем (15 мин.).