И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

ACTIVE VOCABULARY
1. higher education [edju'kei∫ən] высшее образование

2. higher educational institution высшее учебное заведение

3. higher engineering school [,endзi'niərin] высшее техни­ческое учебное заведение, высшее инженерное училище; higher school высшее учебное заведение, институт

4. found [faund] v основывать

5. need specialists ['spe∫əlists] нуждаться в специалистах

6. local conditions ['loukəl kan'dijanz] местные условия

EXERCISES
1. Read these words.

pre-revolutionary ['prireva'lurjnan] дореволюционный, privilege ['pri:revə’lu:∫nəri] привилегия, Europe ['juərəp], own [oun] собственный, solve [sכlv] решать (проблему).

2. Answer these questions.

1. How many higher educational institutions did pre-revolutionary Russia have? 2. When were the first higher engineering schools founded in Russia? 3. When did rail­way construction begin in Russia? 4. Where and when was the oldest Railway Transport Institute founded?

3. Translate these word combinations (a) into Russian: the development of higher education, a higher educa­tional institution, to found a higher engineering school, to need railway engineers, to know local conditions;

(b) into English:

высшее образование в дореволюционной России, выс­шее учебное заведение, основать институт железнодорож­ного транспорта, высшее инженерное училище, нуждаться в специалистах железнодорожного транспорта.

4. Make up sentences using these words and word com­binations.

1. pre-revolutionary Russia, 105 higher educational in­stitutions, had; 2. was the privilege, higher education, of the rich classes; 3. the first higher engineering schools, in Russia, at the beginning of the 18th century, were founded; 4. in Russia, began, railway construction, in 1838; 5. its own specialists, needed, Russia; 6. in 1809, was founded, the oldest Railway Transport Institute, in St. Petersburg; 7. the largest among railway transport insti­tutes, the Moscow Railway Transport Institute, is; 8. was founded, in 1896, it.

5. Ask your friend:

1. if pre-revolutionary Russia had many higher educa­tional institutions; 2. if young people from the working class families could study at higher educational institutions; 3. if the engineers from Western Europe knew the local conditions in Russia; 4. if the first railway in Russia was built in 1838; 5. if it was built in hard conditions; 6. if the engineers from the St. Petersburg Railway Transport Institute solved all the problems successfully; 7. if the St. Petersburg Railway Transport Institute is the oldest among the railway transport institutes in our country; 8. if the Moscow Railway Transport Institute is one of the largest higher educational institutions in the country.

6. Make a short report on higher education in pre-revolutionary Russia.