И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

TEXT С. THE CAPITAL'S BRIDGES

(1) None of the 38 bridges across the Moskva River are alike. The oldest bridges which cross the river are the Lefortovsky Bridge built in 1770 and the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge which was erected late in the 17th century. The Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge spans the river near the Kremlin and is not at all a stone bridge. The name comes from an old structure which was really made of stone. Now it is a steel bridge although it retains its original name.

(2) Of great interest is the Borodinsky Bridge, the only old bridge preserved in its original form. It was constructed in honour (честь) of the victory over Napoleon's army in 1812.
(3) Another one is the monumental Moskvoretsky Bridge which is finished in red granite in accordance with the style and colour of the Kremlin walls. It was erected in 1937 to replace the old narrow one.
(4) The example of the suspension type is the Krymsky Bridge built in 1938. This remarkable engineering structure is attractive in appearance; its roadway is suspended by two steel chains (цепь) fastened to towers.
(5) The longest bridge in Moscow is the Metro Bridge in Komsomolsky Prospect. It spans the river in its widest place and is about 1,200 m in length.


Урок 15


Грамматика: 1. Модальные глаголы с перфектным инфинитивом (§ 24, 25.4, 26.1-2, 27). 2. Перевод глагола would (§ 30).


ВВОДНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ А


1. Переведите предложения с сочетанием «модальный глагол + перфектный инфинитив».
a) may, must + перфектный инфинитив
1. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, USA, collapsed because its structure must not have been strong enough to withstand the wind of 42 mph. 2. The train collision must have been caused by a damage of the trackside signal. 3. The track repair work may have delayed the arrival of the trains.
4. The instrument may have been broken accidentally.
5. The motor must have failed from overheating. 6. The train may have been too heavy for one locomotive to haul.
b) should, ought (to) + перфектный инфинитив
7. The bridge connecting the old and the new parts of the town should not have been so narrow. 8. The slow ferry (паром) communication between England and France should have been improved long ago by building a tunnel across the English Channel (пролив Ла-Манш). 9. To avoid the accident on the dangerous section of the line the driver ought to have been more careful. 10. Taking into consid­eration all the drawbacks of the machine the tests ought to have been carried out on a larger scale. 11. The track for the Trans-Siberian Railway should have been made much stronger to avoid numerous accidents taking place in the early days of its existence. 12. Because of transport difficulties in Moscow in the pre-revolutionary period the Metro system ought to have been constructed but the project was not realized.
c) could, might -f- перфектный инфинитив
13. An extensive mechanization might have speeded up the electrification of the first railways but most of the machines used now were not in existence in the 1930's. 14. Without the steam locomotive we might not have had the highly developed railway network of today. 15. A small marshalling yard could not have sorted five thousand wagons a day without having been modernized. 16. The construction of the first underground railway in Rome could have been completed in the early 1940's but for the war.