И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

Урок 2


Грамматика: 1. Причастие II (§ 32). 2. Усилительный оборот it is ... that ... (§8). 3. Местоимение it (§ 7). 4. Специальный вопрос (§ 47). 5. Сигналы неявного сказуемого в Past Indefinite (§ 51).


ВВОДНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ А


1. Укажите, с помощью каких сигналов можно опреде­лить неявные сказуемые в данных предложениях.
1. The locomotive tested reached a top speed of 240 km per hour (kph). 2. The railway constructed by G. Stephenson connected Stockton and Darlington. 3. Many people believed that railways would not find any practical use. 4. A small four-wheeled electric locomotive which hauled a train with thirty passengers was successfully demonstrated. 5. Every­body knows G. Stephenson who developed the practical steam locomotive in England.


2. Сравните предложения с причастием II; укажите, какие формальные показатели помогают определить функ­цию причастия. Переведите сначала предложения с при­частием в функции определения, затем в функции обстоя­тельства.
1. The steam locomotive invented by G. Stephenson developed a low speed. — When invented, the steam loco­motive played an important part in transportation. 2. The first railways built used slow locomotives. — The railway, when built, will shorten the way between the two cities. 3. The rails heated (heat — нагревать) by the sun become longer. — Rails become longer when heated 4. The trains drawn by horses were short and light. — When drawn by electric locomotives, the trains may have more than 90 cars. 5. The radio used for the sorting of trains makes the work of railwaymen much easier. — If used, the electronic comput­ers will make the sorting of trains far more efficient.


3. Опираясь на формальные показатели усилительного оборота, укажите, на какие слова и словосочетания обращено особое внимание в данных предложениях; переведите предложения.
Образец: It is under the Soviet power that the reconstruc­tion of the Trans-Siberian Railway be-
gan. Только (лишь, именно) при Советской власти началась реконструкция
Транссибирской железной дороги.

1. It was in 1891 that the building of the world's longest Trans-Siberian Railway began. 2. It was the railway which became the shortest way from Europe to Asia. 3. It was the Russian inventor Polzunov who built the first stationary steam engine. 4. It is the railways that are one of the most popular means of transport. 5. It is the electronic comput­ers which will make our travel in high speed trains safer.

4. Переведите сочетания слов без словаря.
the tsarist regime; regular service; to organize a demon­stration; to carry 50 per cent of passengers; on the initiative of the Soviet state; a technical revolution; to introduce automation; the international situation; to transport freight in special containers; a gigantic project; mineral resources; a cold climate; the Siberian taiga.