И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

1. SZD has introduced a new type of freight car for transporting cement. 2. Railways have to introduce new types of freight cars to transport special kinds of freight. 3. Today, more powerful machines have to be developed to speed up the process of building railroads. 4. Power­ful machines have been developed for building railroads. 5. Horses had been used as tractive power long before the steam locomotive was invented. 6. More powerful locomo­tives had to be used to draw long trains. 7. With the rapid development of industry our railways have to carry a greater volume of freight traffic.


3. Переведите сочетания слов без словаря.
an important element of a structure; to lay the rails on granite blocks; to provide drainage; to become an im­portant factor; to place the rails in position; a short pe­riod in the history of railways; a greater stability of the structure; the unification of the distance between the rails.


СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
Суффиксы существительных: -ure (-ture), -merit, -age, -th Приставки: trans-, inter-, re-


4. Переведите производные слова согласно образцам.
Образец: trans-Siberian—транссибирский (через Сибирь)
transcontinental, trans-Atlantic, transformation, trans­uranium, transplantation, transmission.
Образец: intercity—междугородный (меж-)
international, interplanetary, intercontinental, interli-brary (a), interstellar (stellar—звездный). Образец: reconstruct—перестроить, реконструировать
reuse — использовать вновь (снова)
restart, rebuild, reproduction, retranslate, remodelled remagnetize, reballasting (n), recalculate.


5. Переведите производные существительные на рус­ский язык.
breakage, stoppage, mileage, improvement, (improve — усовершенствовать), replacement (replace—заменять), ar­chitecture, mixture, pressure.