И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

13. Переведите текст письменно со словарем (18 мин.)


Internal Combustion Engines

(1) Not many people know the early internal combustion engines to have run on coal gas (каменноугольный газ). As these engines burnt gas, they had to be located near a gas-making plant and we may suppose all of them to have been stationary engines.

(2) When oil had been found in many parts of the world, an engine was designed that was capable of burning liquid fuel obtained from this new substance. Very soon the internal combustion engines became portable power plants, efficient and compact.
(3) There are different kinds of internal combustion en­gines. Not long ago the gasoline engine was the most com­mon type used in spite of its serious drawbacks. The engineers consider the high cost of gasoline to be its chief disadvantage. However, it is probably the high cost of gasoline that has encouraged the construction of diesel engines.
(4) We know the diesel engine to be largely used for heavy duties including railway traction. R. Diesel himself expected his engine to find application on railways as one of the principal kinds of motive power.
14. Переведите абз. 10, 13 текста A.
15. Прослушайте вопросы и ответьте на них согласно тексту А.
1. Why do we call the engine running on oil fuel the "diesel engine"? 2. What feature of the diesel engine makes it much more economical compared with the steam engine?
3. What fact proves that R. Diesel believed in the pos­sibility of applying his prime mover to railway traction?
4. What contribution to diesel traction was made by Rus­sian scientists and engineers before the Great October So­cialist Revolution? 5. What kind of diesel locomotive was built to Prof. Gakkel's design? 6. On what lines is diesel traction normally employed? 7. Why can the diesel loco­motive be used for heavy mainline work? 8. Why is the diesel locomotive the best for switching duties? 9. Why is the diesel locomotive always ready for service? 10. Are there self-propelled diesel trains? What kind of electric trains are they similar to? 11. Why is the diesel locomo­tive expensive to build and maintain? 12. Can diesel trains be recommended for use round large cities? Why can't they? 13. What railway systems will be built in the future?