Chapter 2
Literature review
20
2.0 Introduction
The studies presented in this chapter, although primarily located within socio-pragmatic
research, are of such diversity that it can be difficult to create a coherent picture of
previous research on family discourse. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to
present a survey of the literature as a coherent picture of the main preoccupations of
researchers in the area of family discourse and the salient findings thereof. Interestingly,
family discourse, although integral to our general language socialisation, is not as
widely researched as other context-types such as workplace discourse or academic
discourse. The chapter begins by addressing the realm of linguistic pragmatics. This is
in contrast to more traditional studies of language variation which, in the main, have
focussed on features of pronunciation, grammar and lexis. However, the present study
seeks to focus on functions of language use such as politeness that traditionally fall into
the category of pragmatics as the study of pragmatics is essential to our understanding
of language in its full complexity (Verschueren, 1999). Christie (2000: 1) notes „where
studies lack a pragmatic perspective such research cannot adequately account for the
relationship between the functions carried out by language and the socio-culturally
situated users of that language.‟
The second part of the chapter deals with the socio-cultural factors that have a specific
impact on the pragmatic systems within family discourse. Firstly, as will be seen, the
micro-social factors that affect family discourse, for example,
mode
,
audience
or
shared
immediate situation
are those that define this register. Secondly, it must be recognised
that while „power‟ plays a significant part in all linguistic behaviour, it has a very
specific impact on family discourse due to the nature of the role relationships between
family members that are at once both fixed and evolving. Finally, the macro-social
factors that shape the language use of the families in the present study,
gender
,
age
,
ethnicity
and
social class
, will be examined. At this point, it is important to
acknowledge that these factors do not operate in isolation, but work interactively to
contribute to both the similarities and differences between the families‟ pragmatic
language use that will be examined in the analysis chapters. What will emerge from the
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chapter is that a family‟s pragmatic system is orbited by a complex web of
multidimensional socio-cultural influences, illustrated in Figure 2.1:
Figure 2.1: The socio-cultural factors influencing the pragmatic system of family discourse
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