Contingency theory
Contingency theory states that HRM practices are
dependent on the organization’s environment and
circumstances. This means that, as Paauwe (2004:
36) explained: ‘The relationship between the rele-
vant independent variables (eg HRM policies and
practices) and the dependent variable (perform-
ance) will vary according to the influences such as
company size, age and technology, capital intensity,
degree of unionization, industry/sector ownership
and location.’
Contingency theory is associated with the notion
of fit – the need to achieve congruence between an
organization’s HR strategies, policies and practices
and its business strategies within the context of its
external and internal environment. This is a key
concept in strategic HRM.
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