Educating the Student Body
education and uses a flexible programming method that allows local deci-
sion makers and teachers to integrate physical activity opportunities into
relevant school activities before, during, and after the school day. It must
be emphasized that, while school-based physical activity should be used to
support physical activity in the school environment, it should not be used
as a replacement for physical education, whose importance is explained in
Chapter 5.
REFERENCES
AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics). 2013. The crucial role of recess in school.
Pediatrics 131(1):183-188.
AAHPERD (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance).
2011. 2011 Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) survey report.
Reston, VA: AAHPERD.
Active Policy Solutions. 2013. Active policy solutions: Analysis and history of the
Department of Education’s January 2013 guidance. Washington, DC: Active Policy
Solutions.
Afterschool Alliance. 1999. A report of findings from the December 1999 Mott foun-
dation/JCPenney nationwide survey on afterschool programs. Washington, DC:
Afterschool Alliance.
Afterschool Alliance. 2009. America after 3pm: The most in-depth study of how America’s
children spend their afternoons. Washington, DC: Afterschool Alliance.
Ahamed, Y., H. Macdonald, K. Reed, P. J. Naylor, T. Liu-Ambrose, and H. McKay. 2007.
School-based physical activity does not compromise children’s academic performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 39(2):371-376.
Ajja, R., M. W. Beets, J. Huberty, A. T. Kaczynski, and D. S. Ward. 2012. The healthy
afterschool activity and nutrition documentation instrument. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine 43(3):263-271.
Amis, J. M., P. M. Wright, B. Dyson, J. M. Vardaman, and H. Ferry. 2012. Implementing
childhood obesity policy in a new educational environment: The cases of Mississippi
and Tennessee. American Journal of Public Health 102(7):1406-1413.
Bartholomew, J. B., and E. M. Jowers. 2011. Physically active academic lessons in elemen-
tary children. Preventive Medicine 52(Suppl):S51-S54.
Bassett, D. R. 2012. Encouraging physical activity and health through active transporta-
tion. Kinesiology Reviews 1(1):91-99.
Bassett, D. R., Jr., J. Pucher, R. Buehler, D. L. Thompson, and S. E. Crouter. 2008.
Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America, and Australia. Journal
of Physical Activity and Health 5(6):795-814.
Bassett, D. R., E. C. Fitzhugh, G. W. Heath, P. C. Erwin, G. M. Frederick, D. L. Wolff,
W. A. Welch, and A. B. Stout. 2013. Estimated energy expenditures for school-based
policies and active living. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44(2):108-113.
Beets, M. W., M. Wallner, and A. Beighle. 2010. Defining standards and policies for
promoting physical activity in afterschool programs. Journal of School Health
80(8):411-417.
Beighle, A., M. W. Beets, H. Erwin, J. L. Huberty, J. B. Moore, and M. B. Stellino. 2010.
Physical activity promotion in after-school programs. After-School Matters 11:24-32.
Belansky, E. S., N. Cutforth, E. Delong, C. Ross, S. Scarbro, L. Gilbert, B. Beatty, and
J. A. Marshall. 2009. Early impact of the federally mandated local wellness policy
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School
Approaches to Physical Activity in Schools
303
on physical activity in rural, low-income elementary schools in Colorado. Journal of
Public Health Policy 30(Suppl 1):S141-S160.
Bernstein, M. S., A. Morabia, and D. Sloutskis. 1999. Definition and prevalence of sed-
entarism in an urban population. American Journal of Public Health 89(6):862-867.
Boarnet, M. G., C. L. Anderson, K. Day, T. McMillan, and M. Alfonzo. 2005. Evaluation
of the California Safe Routes to School legislation: Urban form changes and children’s
active transportation to school. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28(2 Suppl
2):134-140.
Bocarro, J. N., M. A. Kanters, E. Cerin, M. F. Floyd, J. M. Casper, L. J. Suau, and T. L.
McKenzie. 2012. School sport policy and school-based physical activity environments
and their association with observed physical activity in middle school children. Health
and Place 18(1):31-38.
Carver, P. R., and I. U. Iruka. 2006. After school programs and activities: 2005.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2005. Barriers to children
walking to and from school—United States, 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report 54:949-952.
CDC. 2008. Kids walk to school: Then and now—barriers and solutions. http://www.cdc.
gov/nccdphp/DNPA/kidswalk/then_and_now.htm (accessed April 15, 2013).
CDC. 2010. The association between school based physical activity, including physical
education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, CDC.
CDC. 2012. Trends in the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviors; YRBS
1991-2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC,
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of
Adolescent and School Health.
Center for Public Education. 2008. Time out: Is recess in danger? http://www.
centerforpubliceducation.org/Main-Menu/Organizing-a-school/Time-out-Is-recess-in-
danger (accessed March 5, 2013).
Center on Education Policy. 2007. Choices, changes, and challenges: Curriculum and
instruction in the NCLB era. Washington, DC: Center on Education Policy.
Chen, A., and W. Zhu. 2005. Young children’s intuitive interest in physical activity:
Personal, school, and home factors. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2(1):1-15.
Chriqui, J. F., L. Schneider, F. J. Chaloupka, C. Gourdet, A. Bruursema, K. Ide, and O.
Pugach. 2010. School district wellness policies: Evaluating progress and potential for
improving children’s health three years after the federal mandate: School years 2006-
07, 2007-08 and 2008-09, volume 2. Chicago, IL: Bridging the Gap Program, Health
Policy Center, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois.
Colabianchi, N., L. Johnston, and P. M. O’Malley. 2012. Sports participation in second-
ary schools: Resources available and inequalities in participation—a BTG research
brief. Ann Arbor, MI: Bridging the Gap Program, Survey Research Center, Institute
for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Collins, D. C. A., and R. A. Kearns. 2001. The safe journeys of an enterprising school:
Negotiating landscapes of opportunity and risk. Health and Place 7(4):293-306.
Collins, D. C., and R. A. Kearns. 2005. Geographies of inequality: Child pedestrian injury
and walking school buses in Auckland, New Zealand. Social Science and Medicine
60(1):61-69.
Council of Educational Facility Planners International. 1991. Guide for planning educa-
tional facilities. Scottsdale, AZ: Council of Educational Facility Planners International.
Council on School Health. 2013. The crucial role of recess in school. Pediatrics
131(1):183-188.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School
304
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |