Visit the National Academies Press online and register for

Contents

---

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School
xii
 
Contents
Summary, 139
References, 141
4 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS, AND PHYSICAL
EDUCATION: EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 
161
Physical Fitness and Physical Activity: Relation to Academic 
Performance, 163
The Developing Brain, Physical Activity, and Brain Health, 175
Limitations, 185
Summary, 186
References, 187
5 APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS 
197
Physical Education in the Context of Schooling, 199
Importance of Physical Education to Child Development, 215
Characteristics of Quality Physical Education Programs, 219
Policies That Affect the Quality of Physical Education, 234
Barriers to Quality Physical Education and Solutions, 240
Summary, 248
References, 249
6 APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SCHOOLS 
259
Sedentarism in Schools, 261
Opportunities to Increase Physical Activity in the School 
Environment, 264
Summary, 300
References, 302
7 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND
PHYSICAL EDUCATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS: 
SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE 
311
Systems Approaches: Multicomponent Programs and
Interventions, 313
Programmatic/Policy Approaches and Their Outcomes, 317
Summary, 347
References, 350
8 RECOMMENDATIONS 
365
Recommendations, 366
Future Research Needs and Areas for Additional Investigation, 377

---

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School
Contents
 
xiii
APPENDIXES
A Acronyms and Glossary 
381
B Methodology 
395
C State Legislative Policies on Physical Education and
Physical Activity 
397
D Workshop and Panel Public Sessions 
477
E Committee Member Biographical Sketches 
481

---

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School

---

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School
1