The agglomeration has grown well beyond the city's administrative limits. The

Demographics[edit]

Main article: Demographics of Paris

2012 Census Paris Region^[137][138]
Country/territory of birth	Population
Metropolitan France	9,115,215
Algeria	289,826
Portugal	241,385
Morocco	227,903
Tunisia	109,349
Guadeloupe	80,402
Martinique	76,586
Turkey	69,338
China	61,806
Mali	55,466
Italy	55,057
Côte d'Ivoire	48,532
Senegal	46,365
Spain	46,359
Democratic Republic of Congo	42,872
Poland	39,482
[show]Other countries/territories

The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014.^[139] This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities".^[140] The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census,^[2] the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow.^[141] The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.^[6]
The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.^[142]

City proper, urban area, and metropolitan area population from 1800 to 2010
According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.^[143]