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Sana10.11.2022
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IELTS Reading Maximiser [uzsmart.uz]

Main disadvantage 
1 ...................... 
Uncertain 
Produces 2 ...................... 
3 .................... .. 
Lack of 4 ...................... 
Si nals a 5 .................... .. 
Hydrogen production units for 
7 .................... .. 
cars not small enough 


118 
IEL TS Reading Formula 
(MAXIMISER) 
IEI.TS Reading (Activitt 23) 
Table com letion 
.,... Eating up the Titanic: 
In 1985, seventy-three years after it had sunk on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, 
the 
Titanic 
was discovered lying 3,800 metres below the surface of the sea. The first images the world 
saw of the wreck showed the metal hull or body of the ship, draped in what look like strange underwater 
icicles. These structures are called 'rusticles' from rust (the reddish brown substance that forms on iron 
when it is in contact with water) and 
icicle. 
A decade later, microbial ecologist Roy Cullimore was called on to investigate biological activity on the 
Titanic 
after the salvage company recovering objects from the wreck noticed it seemed to be 
deteriorating. By carefully guiding the robotic claws of the French submarine 
Nautile, 
Cullimore was able 
to collect some rusticles to bring back to his laboratory for analysis. Gathering them was a tricky business 
- rustic
l
es are brittle and have a tendency to snap in the fast water flow created by the propellers of the
submarine. A second expedition brought up more rusticles when a large section of hull was lifted from the
sea bed. The largest of these, measuring 45 centimetres long, now hangs on Cullimore's office wall.
Each rusticle is made up of communities of bacteria, fungi and other microbes that have joined forces 
to build a sort of rusting tower block to sustain them and protect them from the outside world. The outer 
walls have a layered appearance, much like the annular growth rings in trees. Inside, each rusticle seems 
to contain at least five distinct communities of bacteria, or 'consorms', that live in harmony, with each 
type of consorm performing a specific task. They are mostly clustered around water channels that run 
through the structure. There are also fungal growths towards the outside of the structure where the 
channels meet the surface. Along with the microbes, rusticles contain up to 35 per cent iron compounds 
in the form of ribbons that permeate the entire structure, in much the same way that nerves or blood 
vessels do in an animal. Chemically, these compounds are dominated by various ferric oxides, hydroxides 
and carbonates. 
Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. 

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