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Sana10.11.2022
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Levell 
Levell 
12) 
Labelling a diagram 
..,. 
The Dangers of Air-conditioning 
About two-thirds of the world's population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according 
to the United Nations, approximately 3.7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some ten years later. As 
cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterise them: office towers, factories, shopping malls 
and high-rise apartment buildings These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean 
and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term 'air-conditioning'. 
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they 
pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a 
closed environment - such as an office building - can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful 
chemicals. 
One of the more widely publicised dangers is that of Legionnaire's disease, which was first recognised 
in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which 
warm air pumped out of the system's cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in 
most cases owing to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the 
rapid growth of disease-carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in 
harmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was 
then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such 
buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust ducts. Cases of Legionnaire's disease are becoming 
fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, 
particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring. 
Complete the diagram. Choose TWO words from the passage for each answer. 


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