Richards-Communicative-Language pdf

Phase 4: Independent Construction of the Text

In this stage:



  Students work independently with the text.



  Learner performances are used for achievement assessment.

Independent construction activities include:



  Listening tasks, e.g., comprehension activities in response to live or 

recorded material, such as performing a task, sequencing pictures, 

numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet, 

answering questions



  Listening and speaking tasks, e.g., role plays, simulated or 

authentic dialogs



  Speaking tasks, e.g., spoken presentation to class, community 

organization, or workplace



  Reading tasks, e.g., comprehension activities in response to 

written material such as performing a task, sequencing pictures, 

numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet, 

answering questions

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Communicative Language Teaching Today  41



  Writing tasks which demand that students draft and present whole 

texts